Wang Lifei, Feng Zhengzhi, Yang Guoyu, Yang Yaling, Dai Qin, Hu Chaobing, Liu Keyu, Guang Yu, Zhang Rui, Xia Fan, Zhao Mengxue
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
J Affect Disord. 2015 May 15;177:36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.002. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
To assess the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms in left-behind participants aged 7-17 years and to explore the associated socio-demographic and communication factors.
Participants were 4857 left-behind children and adolescents in Chongqing. They were screened for depressive symptoms using a 27-item Children׳s Depression Inventory (CDI) and social-demographic variables were evaluated with a structured scale. Uncorrected Pearson chi-square test and logistic regression were applied to analyzing the data.
The total prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 24.8%. Significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among groups of different income, grade, age, left-behind subtypes, and different frequency, ways and topics of parent-child communication. We found that the risk factors for depression were absence of parents, low frequency of parent-child communication, and communication by letter or about sensitive topics. The grade group 2-3 and age group 16-17 were at a higher risk of depression than all other grade and age subgroups. The protective factors for depression were high-income, high frequency of parent-child communication, communication by telephone or about such topic as learning experience, school life, and feelings.
Self-report bias and cross-sectional nature of the sampling are major limitations of this study.
The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among left-behind children and adolescents in Chongqing is much higher than previously reported prevalence in other regions of China. The risk and protective factors for depression among left-behind children and adolescents are worthy of public attention.
评估7至17岁留守儿童抑郁症状的患病率，并探讨相关的社会人口学和沟通因素。
研究对象为重庆市的4857名留守儿童和青少年。使用27项儿童抑郁量表（CDI）对他们进行抑郁症状筛查，并通过结构化量表评估社会人口学变量。采用未校正的Pearson卡方检验和逻辑回归分析数据。
抑郁症状的总患病率为24.8%。不同收入、年级、年龄、留守类型以及亲子沟通频率、方式和话题的组间抑郁症状患病率存在显著差异。我们发现，抑郁的危险因素包括父母不在身边、亲子沟通频率低以及通过信件或围绕敏感话题进行沟通。2-3年级组和16-17岁年龄组比所有其他年级和年龄亚组患抑郁症的风险更高。抑郁的保护因素包括高收入、亲子沟通频率高、通过电话沟通或围绕学习经历、学校生活和感受等话题进行沟通。
本研究的主要局限性在于自我报告偏倚和抽样的横断面性质。
重庆市留守儿童和青少年抑郁症状的患病率远高于中国其他地区此前报告的患病率。留守儿童和青少年抑郁的风险和保护因素值得公众关注。
