Fulkerson Christopher M, Knapp Deborah W
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
Vet J. 2015 Aug;205(2):217-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.017. Epub 2015 Jan 26.
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also referred to as urothelial carcinoma, is the most common form of urinary bladder cancer in dogs, affecting tens of thousands of dogs worldwide each year. Canine TCC is usually a high grade invasive cancer. Problems associated with TCC include urinary tract obstruction, distant metastases in >50% of affected dogs, and clinical signs that are troubling both to the dogs and to their owners. Risk factors for TCC include exposure to older types of flea control products and lawn chemicals, obesity, female sex, and a very strong breed-associated risk. This knowledge is allowing pet owners to take steps to reduce the risk of TCC in their dog. The diagnosis of TCC is made by histopathology of tissue biopsies obtained by cystoscopy, surgery, or catheter. Percutaneous aspirates and biopsies should be avoided due to the risk of tumor seeding. TCC is most commonly located in the trigone region of the bladder precluding complete surgical resection. Medical treatment is the mainstay for TCC therapy in dogs. Although TCC is not usually curable in dogs, multiple drugs have activity against it. Approximately 75% of dogs respond favorably to TCC treatment and can enjoy several months to a year or more of good quality life. Many promising new therapies for TCC are emerging and with the close similarity between TCC in dogs and high grade invasive bladder cancer in humans, new treatment strategies found to be successful in canine studies are expected to help dogs and to be subsequently translated to humans.
移行细胞癌（TCC），也被称为尿路上皮癌，是犬类膀胱癌最常见的形式，每年影响全球数以万计的犬只。犬类TCC通常是一种高级别浸润性癌症。与TCC相关的问题包括尿路梗阻、超过50%的患病犬出现远处转移，以及给犬只及其主人都带来困扰的临床症状。TCC的风险因素包括接触旧类型的跳蚤控制产品和草坪化学品、肥胖、雌性以及很强的品种相关风险。这些知识使宠物主人能够采取措施降低其犬只患TCC的风险。TCC的诊断通过膀胱镜检查、手术或导管获取的组织活检的组织病理学来进行。由于存在肿瘤种植的风险，应避免经皮抽吸和活检。TCC最常位于膀胱三角区，这使得无法进行完整的手术切除。药物治疗是犬类TCC治疗的主要手段。虽然TCC在犬类中通常无法治愈，但多种药物对其有活性。大约75%的犬只对TCC治疗反应良好，能够享受数月至一年或更长时间的高质量生活。许多有前景的TCC新疗法正在出现，而且由于犬类TCC与人类高级别浸润性膀胱癌非常相似，在犬类研究中发现成功的新治疗策略有望帮助犬只，并随后转化应用于人类。
