Tattibayeva D, Nebot C, Miranda J M, Cepeda A, Mateyev E, Erkebaev M, Franco C M
Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4 planta baja, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
Department of "Mechanization and Automation of Manufacturing Processes", Almaty Technological University, Tole bi street, 100, 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Environ Geochem Health. 2016 Feb;38(1):85-98. doi: 10.1007/s10653-015-9687-y. Epub 2015 Mar 8.
Selected toxic elements (total As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sr, U and V) and essential elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in unpolished and milled rice collected from Kazakhstan and milled rice from Spain and Portugal to evaluate the potential health risk to the population. Arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and monomethilarsonate) were analyzed using HPLC-IC-MS. From 146 samples analyzed, none of them exceeded the maximum limit set by the European Legislation for Cd or Pb or values recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. Concentrations of Sr, U and V were below LOD and those of Hg, Pb, Co and Cr between <LOD and 0.54 mg/kg (highest concentration of Cr) in milled rice. Portuguese rice samples contained the highest mean concentration of As, Hg, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn. The highest mean of arsenobetaine (0.001 mg/kg), dimethylarsinate (0.27 mg/kg) and monomethilarsonate (0.02 mg/kg) was found in Spanish rice and that of arsenite (0.30 mg/kg) in Kazakh rice. Inorganic As in samples from Kazakhstan was above the ML (0.2 mg/kg) proposed by FAO/WHO, but in seven samples from Spain and in four from Portugal were above the limit. The estimated weekly intake of total or inorganic As(III, V), Cd, Hg and Pb for rice consumption by Kazakh, Spanish and Portuguese adults and children was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and the European Food Safety Authority.
使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对从哈萨克斯坦采集的糙米和精米以及来自西班牙和葡萄牙的精米中的选定有毒元素（总砷、镉、铬、汞、铅、锶、铀和钒）和必需元素（钴、铜、铁、锰和锌）进行了分析，以评估对人群的潜在健康风险。使用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪（HPLC-IC-MS）分析了砷的形态（亚砷酸盐、砷酸盐、砷甜菜碱、二甲基砷酸盐和一甲基砷酸盐）。在所分析的146个样品中，没有一个超过欧洲法规对镉或铅设定的最大限量或食品法典委员会推荐的值。精米中锶、铀和钒的浓度低于检测限，汞、铅、钴和铬的浓度在<检测限至0.54毫克/千克（铬的最高浓度）之间。葡萄牙大米样品中砷、汞、铅、钴、铬、铜、锰和锌的平均浓度最高。西班牙大米中砷甜菜碱（0.001毫克/千克）、二甲基砷酸盐（0.27毫克/千克）和一甲基砷酸盐（0.02毫克/千克）的平均含量最高，哈萨克斯坦大米中亚砷酸盐（0.30毫克/千克）的平均含量最高。哈萨克斯坦样品中的无机砷高于粮农组织/世界卫生组织提议的最大限量（0.2毫克/千克），但西班牙的7个样品和葡萄牙的4个样品超过了该限量。哈萨克斯坦、西班牙和葡萄牙成年人及儿童食用大米的总砷或无机砷（III、V）、镉、汞和铅的估计每周摄入量低于粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会和欧洲食品安全局确定的暂定每周耐受摄入量。
