Soundy Andrew, Roskell Carolyn, Stubbs Brendon, Probst Michel, Vancampfort Davy
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK,
Psychiatr Danub. 2015 Mar;27(1):2-13.
The purpose of this review was to consider the impact of being introduced to a sport and sport participation on (a) weight loss and psychiatric symptoms, (b) any other health benefits in people with schizophrenia, supported by quantitative and qualitative findings.
A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA statement was conducted. Searches were undertaken in January 2014. Articles were eligible that (1) considered the effect (quantitative studies) and experience (qualitative and case studies) of either; being introduced to a 'sport' or undertaking a sport activity, (2) included >85% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizo-affective spectrum disorders according to recognised criteria.
A total of 10 studies including 5 trials (2pre-experimental, 2controlled trials, 1*randomised control trial), 2 qualitative studies and 3 case studies were included (n=185). Two out of 3 studies that considered weight as an outcome measure reported significant reductions in weight and psychiatric symptoms following sports participation. The mean reduction in body mass index (BMI) ranged from -0.7kg.m2 (p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to -1.33 kg.m2 (p<0.001) after 12-weeks of soccer. The mean reduction in the Positive and Negative Symptoms score ranged from 2.4 points (F=-19.0, p<0.001) following 12 weeks of basketball to 7.4 points (t=-5.0, p<0.001) following a 40 week programme of horse riding. A range of secondary health and wellbeing outcomes identified some significant results. Qualitative findings showed that participants had positive experiences from participating in sports.
Sport participation may result in reduced BMI and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Sport has the potential to improve an individual's quality of life through providing a meaningful normalizing activity that leads to achievement, success and satisfaction. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to fully determine the health effects of sports participation in schizophrenia.
本综述的目的是依据定量和定性研究结果，探讨接触一项运动及参与运动对精神分裂症患者（a）体重减轻和精神症状的影响，以及（b）其他健康益处。
按照PRISMA声明进行系统综述。于2014年1月开展检索。符合条件的文章需满足：（1）考量接触“一项运动”或参与一项体育活动的效果（定量研究）和体验（定性及案例研究）；（2）根据公认标准，纳入85%以上被诊断为精神分裂症或分裂情感谱系障碍的患者。
共纳入10项研究，包括5项试验（2项预试验、2项对照试验、1项随机对照试验）、2项定性研究和3项案例研究（n = 185）。在将体重作为结局指标的3项研究中，有2项报告称运动参与后体重和精神症状显著减轻。体重指数（BMI）的平均降低幅度，在进行12周篮球运动后为-0.7kg·m²（p < 0.001），在进行12周足球运动后为-1.33kg·m²（p < 0.001）。阳性和阴性症状评分的平均降低幅度，在进行12周篮球运动后为2.4分（F = -19.0，p < 0.001），在进行40周骑马项目后为7.4分（t = -5.0，p < 0.001）。一系列次要的健康和幸福结局显示出一些显著结果。定性研究结果表明，参与者从参与运动中获得了积极体验。
运动参与可能会使精神分裂症患者的BMI降低和精神症状减轻。运动有潜力通过提供一项有意义的常态化活动来改善个体生活质量，该活动能带来成就、成功和满足感。需要设计完善的随机对照试验来全面确定运动参与对精神分裂症患者健康的影响。
