Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen St, Tucson, AZ, USA; RMIT University, School of Applied Sciences, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen St, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Chemosphere. 2015 May;127:269-75. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.030. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
Landfill leachate samples (n=11) were collected from five USA municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and analyzed for ten trace organic pollutants that are commonly detected in surface and municipal wastewater effluents (viz., carbamazepine, DEET, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, PFOA, PFOS, primidone, sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim). Carbamazepine, DEET, PFOA and primidone were detected in all leachate samples analyzed and gemfibrozil was detected in samples from four of the five-landfill sites. The contaminants found in the highest concentrations were DEET (6900-143000 ng L(-1)) and sucralose (<10-621000 ng L(-1)). Several compounds were not detected (fluoxetine) or detected infrequently (sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and PFOS). Using the average mass of DEET in leachate amongst the five landfills and scaling the mass release from the five test landfills to the USA population of landfills, an order of magnitude estimate is that over 10000 kg DEET yr(-1) may be released in leachate. Some pharmaceuticals have similar annual mean discharges to one another, with the estimated annual discharge of carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, primidone equating to 53, 151 and 128 kg year(-1). To the authors knowledge, this is the first time that primidone has been included in a landfill leachate study. While the estimates developed in this study are order of magnitude, the values do suggest the need for further research to better quantify the amount of chemicals sent to wastewater treatment facilities with landfill leachate, potential impacts on treatment processes and the significance of landfill leachate as a source of surface water contamination.
从美国五个城市固体废物（MSW）垃圾填埋场采集了 11 个垃圾渗滤液样本，并对十种常见于地表和城市废水排放中的痕量有机污染物进行了分析（即卡马西平、DEET、氟西汀、吉非贝齐、PFOA、PFOS、扑米酮、蔗糖素、磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶）。在所分析的所有渗滤液样本中均检测到了卡马西平、DEET、PFOA 和扑米酮，而在五个垃圾填埋场中的四个样本中检测到了吉非贝齐。浓度最高的污染物是 DEET（6900-143000ng/L）和蔗糖素（<10-621000ng/L）。一些化合物未被检出（氟西汀）或检出频率较低（磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和 PFOS）。使用五个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中 DEET 的平均质量，并将五个测试垃圾填埋场的质量释放量扩展到美国的垃圾填埋场人口，预计每年有超过 10000kg 的 DEET 将通过渗滤液释放。一些药物的年平均排放量相似，估计每年的卡马西平、吉非贝齐、扑米酮排放量分别为 53、151 和 128kg/年。据作者所知，这是首次在垃圾渗滤液研究中纳入扑米酮。虽然本研究中的估计值是数量级的，但这些数值表明需要进一步研究，以更好地量化随垃圾渗滤液进入废水处理设施的化学物质的数量、对处理过程的潜在影响以及垃圾渗滤液作为地表水污染源的重要性。
