已灭绝的爪哇虎和巴厘虎的遗传谱系。
Genetic ancestry of the extinct Javan and Bali tigers.
作者信息
Xue Hao-Ran, Yamaguchi Nobuyuki, Driscoll Carlos A, Han Yu, Bar-Gal Gila Kahila, Zhuang Yan, Mazak Ji H, Macdonald David W, O'Brien Stephen J, Luo Shu-Jin
机构信息
From the College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Xue, Han, Zhuang, and Luo); the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK (Yamaguchi, Driscoll, and Macdonald); the School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China (Han); the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Bar-Gal); the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, China (Mazak); the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199004, Russia (O'Brien); and the Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA (O'Brien). Nobuyuki Yamaguchi is now at Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Qatar, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. Carlos A. Driscoll is now at WWF-India at Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehadun, Uttarakhand 248001, India.
出版信息
J Hered. 2015 May-Jun;106(3):247-57. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esv002. Epub 2015 Mar 8.
The Bali (Panthera tigris balica) and Javan (P. t. sondaica) tigers are recognized as distinct tiger subspecies that went extinct in the 1940s and 1980s, respectively. Yet their genetic ancestry and taxonomic status remain controversial. Following ancient DNA procedures, we generated concatenated 1750bp mtDNA sequences from 23 museum samples including 11 voucher specimens from Java and Bali and compared these to diagnostic mtDNA sequences from 122 specimens of living tiger subspecies and the extinct Caspian tiger. The results revealed a close genetic affinity of the 3 groups from the Sunda Islands (Bali, Javan, and Sumatran tigers P. t. sumatrae). Bali and Javan mtDNA haplotypes differ from Sumatran haplotypes by 1-2 nucleotides, and the 3 island populations define a monophyletic assemblage distinctive and equidistant from other mainland subspecies. Despite this close phylogenetic relationship, no mtDNA haplotype was shared between Sumatran and Javan/Bali tigers, indicating little or no matrilineal gene flow among the islands after they were colonized. The close phylogenetic relationship among Sunda tiger subspecies suggests either recent colonization across the islands, or else a once continuous tiger population that had subsequently isolated into different island subspecies. This supports the hypothesis that the Sumatran tiger is the closest living relative to the extinct Javan and Bali tigers.
巴厘虎（Panthera tigris balica）和爪哇虎（P. t. sondaica）被公认为是不同的老虎亚种，分别于20世纪40年代和80年代灭绝。然而，它们的基因谱系和分类地位仍存在争议。按照古代DNA操作流程，我们从23个博物馆标本中生成了1750bp的线粒体DNA串联序列，其中包括来自爪哇岛和巴厘岛的11个凭证标本，并将这些序列与122个现存老虎亚种标本以及已灭绝的里海虎的线粒体DNA诊断序列进行了比较。结果显示，巽他群岛的3个老虎种群（巴厘虎、爪哇虎和苏门答腊虎P. t. sumatrae）具有密切的基因亲缘关系。巴厘虎和爪哇虎的线粒体DNA单倍型与苏门答腊虎的单倍型相差1 - 2个核苷酸，这3个岛屿种群构成了一个单系类群，与其他大陆亚种不同且距离相等。尽管存在这种密切的系统发育关系，但苏门答腊虎与爪哇虎/巴厘虎之间没有共享的线粒体DNA单倍型，这表明在这些岛屿被殖民后，各岛屿之间几乎没有母系基因流动。巽他群岛老虎亚种之间密切的系统发育关系表明，要么是近期各岛屿之间有物种迁徙，要么曾经有一个连续的老虎种群，后来隔离成了不同的岛屿亚种。这支持了苏门答腊虎是已灭绝的爪哇虎和巴厘虎现存最近亲缘物种的假说。
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