Bedoya Abigail A, Miltenberger Matthew R, Lopez Rebecca M
1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and 2Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Aug;29(8):2351-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000877.
The purpose of this systematic review was to critically analyze the literature to determine the effectiveness of plyometric training on athletic performance in youth soccer athletes. A total of 7 studies were included in this review after meeting the following criteria: (a) used plyometric training programs to assess athletic performance, (b) subjects were soccer athletes aged preadolescent up to 17 years, and (c) were published from 2000 to January 2014. Study methods were assessed using the PEDro scale with scores ranging from 4 to 6. Results showed similarities and differences in methodologies and procedures among the included studies. Athletic performance consisting of kicking distance, speed, jumping ability, and agility significantly improved because of plyometric training interventions. The current evidence suggests that plyometric training should be completed 2 days per week for 8-10 weeks during soccer practice with a 72-hour rest period between plyometric training days. The initial number of foot contacts should be 50-60 per session and increase to no more than 80-120 foot contacts per session for this age group to prevent overuse injuries. A total of 3-4 plyometric training exercises should be performed 2-4 sets for 6-15 repetitions per training session. The evidence and the literature suggest that plyometric training for this age group should only be implemented using recommended safety guidelines such as those published by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology and the National Strength and Conditioning Association and under appropriate supervision by trained personnel.
本系统评价的目的是批判性地分析文献，以确定增强式训练对青少年足球运动员运动表现的有效性。在满足以下标准后，本评价共纳入了7项研究：(a) 使用增强式训练计划评估运动表现；(b) 受试者为年龄在青春期前至17岁的足球运动员；(c) 发表于2000年至2014年1月期间。使用PEDro量表评估研究方法，得分范围为4至6分。结果显示，纳入研究在方法和程序上存在异同。由于增强式训练干预，由踢球距离、速度、跳跃能力和敏捷性组成的运动表现显著提高。目前的证据表明，在足球训练期间，增强式训练应每周进行2天，持续8 - 10周，增强式训练日之间休息72小时。对于该年龄组，每次训练的初始触地次数应为50 - 60次，每次训练增加至不超过80 - 120次触地，以防止过度使用损伤。每次训练应进行3 - 4项增强式训练练习，每组进行2 - 4组，每组重复6 - 15次。证据和文献表明，针对该年龄组的增强式训练应仅在遵循推荐的安全指南（如加拿大运动生理学会和国家体能协会发布的指南）并在训练有素的人员适当监督下实施。
