Alonso-Aubin Diego A, Saez-Berlanga Ángel, Chulvi-Medrano Iván, Martínez-Guardado Ismael
Strength Training and Neuromuscular Performance Research Group (STreNgthP), Faculty of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain.
HM Hospitals Health Research Institute, 28015 Madrid, Spain.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jun 25;10(3):240. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10030240.
: This study examined the effects of a short-duration plyometric training program during physical education on neuromuscular ballistic performance in youth. : Thirty-two students were assigned to a control group (CG; = 16; age: 16.76 ± 0.72 years; height: 1.66 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 61.38 ± 6.07 kg) or an experimental group (EG; = 16; age: 16.56 ± 0.62 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 61.90 ± 7.83 kg). Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention Countermovement Jump (CMJ) tests using force plates. Over a four-week period, the EG completed eight sessions. Both the EG and the CG participated in 40 min sessions incorporating speed games, directional changes, and agility exercises. Paired -tests and Cohen's d were used for analysis. : The EG showed significant improvements in jump height ( = 0.006, ES = 0.83), jump momentum ( = 0.008, ES = 0.80), and take-off velocity ( = 0.003, ES = 0.93), with a decrease in peak propulsive power ( = 0.01, ES = 0.77). In contrast, the CG exhibited declines in multiple metrics, including jump height, jump momentum, and take-off velocity. : These findings suggest that integrating plyometric training into physical education classes can effectively enhance neuromuscular performance in youth. Implementing structured training protocols within school programs may optimize strength, power, and movement efficiency, benefiting long-term athletic development.
本研究考察了体育课程中短期增强式训练计划对青少年神经肌肉弹道性能的影响。32名学生被分配到对照组（CG；n = 16；年龄：16.76 ± 0.72岁；身高：1.66 ± 0.09米；体重：61.38 ± 6.07千克）或实验组（EG；n = 16；年龄：16.56 ± 0.62岁；身高：1.69 ± 0.09米；体重：61.90 ± 7.83千克）。两组均使用测力台完成干预前和干预后的纵跳（CMJ）测试。在四周的时间里，实验组完成了八次训练课程。实验组和对照组都参加了包含速度游戏、方向变化和敏捷性练习的40分钟课程。采用配对t检验和科恩d值进行分析。实验组在跳跃高度（p = 0.006，效应量ES = 0.83）、跳跃动量（p = 0.008，效应量ES = 0.80）和起跳速度（p = 0.003，效应量ES = 0.93）方面有显著改善，同时峰值推进力有所下降（p = 0.01，效应量ES = 0.77）。相比之下，对照组在多个指标上出现下降，包括跳跃高度、跳跃动量和起跳速度。这些发现表明，将增强式训练纳入体育课程可以有效提高青少年的神经肌肉性能。在学校项目中实施结构化训练方案可能会优化力量、功率和运动效率，有利于长期的运动发展。
