∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States.
⊥Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Apr 1;7(12):6819-27. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b00371. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
When citrate ligands-capped gold nanoparticles are mixed with blood sera, a protein corona is formed on the nanoparticle surface due to the adsorption of various proteins in the blood to the nanoparticles. Using a two-step gold nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay, we discovered that the amount of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the gold nanoparticle protein corona is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to noncancer controls. Two pilot studies conducted on blood serum samples collected at Florida Hospital and obtained from Prostate Cancer Biorespository Network (PCBN) revealed that the test has a 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity in detecting early stage prostate cancer, representing a significant improvement over the current PSA test. The increased amount of human IgG found in the protein corona is believed to be associated with the autoantibodies produced in cancer patients as part of the immunodefense against tumor. Proteomic analysis of the nanoparticle protein corona revealed molecular profile differences between cancer and noncancer serum samples. Autoantibodies and natural antibodies produced in cancer patients in response to tumorigenesis have been found and detected in the blood of many cancer types. The test may be applicable for early detection and risk assessment of a broad spectrum of cancer. This new blood test is simple, low cost, requires only a few drops of blood sample, and the results are obtained within minutes. The test is well suited for screening purpose. More extensive studies are being conducted to further evaluate and validate the clinical potential of the new test.
当柠檬酸配体封端的金纳米粒子与血清混合时，由于血液中的各种蛋白质吸附到纳米粒子表面，在纳米粒子表面形成了蛋白质冠。我们使用两步金纳米粒子增强动态光散射检测法发现，与非癌症对照相比，前列腺癌患者的金纳米粒子蛋白冠中的人免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）量增加。在佛罗里达医院收集的血液样本和前列腺癌生物库网络（PCBN）获得的两个初步研究中发现，该检测在检测早期前列腺癌方面具有 90-95%的特异性和 50%的灵敏度，与当前的 PSA 检测相比有了显著提高。在蛋白冠中发现的人 IgG 量增加被认为与癌症患者产生的自身抗体有关，这些自身抗体是癌症患者免疫防御肿瘤的一部分。对纳米粒子蛋白冠的蛋白质组学分析揭示了癌症和非癌症血清样本之间的分子谱差异。在许多癌症类型的血液中已经发现并检测到癌症患者针对肿瘤发生产生的自身抗体和天然抗体。该检测可能适用于广泛癌症的早期检测和风险评估。这种新的血液检测简单、成本低，仅需几滴血样，几分钟即可获得结果。该检测非常适合筛查目的。正在进行更广泛的研究，以进一步评估和验证新检测的临床潜力。
