Pettigrew J D, Jamieson B G, Robson S K, Hall L S, McAnally K I, Cooper H M
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1989 Nov 30;325(1229):489-559. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1989.0102.
We examine the paraphylectic hypothesis of bat origins, both in the light of previous discussions, and in the light of new evidence from our analyses of neurological traits and wing morphology. Megabats share with primates a variety of complex details in the organization of neural pathways that have not been found in any other mammalian group, particularly not in microbats. The features previously used to link microbats and megabats have been examined and found to be questionable bases for support of a monophyletic origin. In particular, morphological analyses of the musculoskeletal adaptations associated with the flight apparatus are consistent with two separate origins of the mammalian wing. Taken together, these analyses suggest that megabats evolved from an early branch of the primate lineage. This branch was comprised of moderate-sized, phytophagous gliders, of which the other living descendants are the dermopterans. Microbats, in contrast, probably evolved much earlier from small, agile insectivores whose forelimbs had long metacarpals in relation to their phalanges.
我们根据先前的讨论以及对神经特征和翅膀形态分析得出的新证据，审视蝙蝠起源的并系群假说。大蝙蝠与灵长类动物在神经通路组织方面共享多种复杂细节，这些细节在其他任何哺乳动物类群中都未发现，尤其是在小蝙蝠中未发现。先前用于将小蝙蝠和大蝙蝠联系起来的特征已被审视，发现它们作为支持单系起源的依据存在疑问。特别是，对与飞行装置相关的肌肉骨骼适应性的形态学分析与哺乳动物翅膀的两个独立起源相一致。综合这些分析表明，大蝙蝠是从灵长类谱系的一个早期分支进化而来的。这个分支由中等体型的植食性滑翔动物组成，其现存的其他后代是皮翼目动物。相比之下，小蝙蝠可能更早从小型、敏捷的食虫动物进化而来，这些食虫动物的前肢掌骨相对于指骨较长。
