Hystad Perry, Davies Hugh W, Frank Lawrence, Van Loon Josh, Gehring Ulrike, Tamburic Lillian, Brauer Michael
College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Oct;122(10):1095-102. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1308049. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
Half the world's population lives in urban areas. It is therefore important to identify characteristics of the built environment that are beneficial to human health. Urban greenness has been associated with improvements in a diverse range of health conditions, including birth outcomes; however, few studies have attempted to distinguish potential effects of greenness from those of other spatially correlated exposures related to the built environment.
We aimed to investigate associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes and evaluate the influence of spatially correlated built environment factors on these associations.
We examined associations between residential greenness [measured using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100 m of study participants' homes] and birth outcomes in a cohort of 64,705 singleton births (from 1999-2002) in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. We also evaluated associations after adjusting for spatially correlated built environmental factors that may influence birth outcomes, including exposure to air pollution and noise, neighborhood walkability, and distance to the nearest park.
An interquartile increase in greenness (0.1 in residential NDVI) was associated with higher term birth weight (20.6 g; 95% CI: 16.5, 24.7) and decreases in the likelihood of small for gestational age, very preterm (< 30 weeks), and moderately preterm (30-36 weeks) birth. Associations were robust to adjustment for air pollution and noise exposures, neighborhood walkability, and park proximity.
Increased residential greenness was associated with beneficial birth outcomes in this population-based cohort. These associations did not change after adjusting for other spatially correlated built environment factors, suggesting that alternative pathways (e.g., psychosocial and psychological mechanisms) may underlie associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes.
世界上一半的人口居住在城市地区。因此，确定对人类健康有益的建筑环境特征非常重要。城市绿化与包括出生结局在内的多种健康状况的改善有关；然而，很少有研究试图区分绿化的潜在影响与其他与建筑环境相关的空间相关暴露的影响。
我们旨在研究居住绿化与出生结局之间的关联，并评估空间相关的建筑环境因素对这些关联的影响。
我们在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华市的一个包含64705例单胎出生（1999 - 2002年）的队列中，研究了居住绿化[使用研究参与者家周围100米内卫星衍生的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）测量]与出生结局之间的关联。我们还在调整了可能影响出生结局的空间相关建筑环境因素后评估了关联，这些因素包括空气污染和噪音暴露、邻里步行便利性以及到最近公园的距离。
绿化的四分位数间距增加（居住NDVI增加0.1）与足月出生体重增加（20.6克；95%置信区间：16.5，24.7）以及小于胎龄儿、极早产（<30周）和中度早产（30 - 36周）出生可能性的降低相关。这些关联在调整空气污染和噪音暴露、邻里步行便利性以及公园距离后仍然稳健。
在这个基于人群的队列中，居住绿化增加与有益的出生结局相关。在调整其他空间相关的建筑环境因素后，这些关联没有改变，这表明其他途径（例如心理社会和心理机制）可能是居住绿化与出生结局之间关联的基础。
