Hennig Robert, Goepferich Achim
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015 Sep;95(Pt B):294-306. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.027. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
Neovascular diseases of the posterior eye like age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy or retinopathy of prematurity carry a tremendous burden for patient and health care system alike. Although intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF based therapeutics have significantly improved the visual outcome for many patients, current therapeutic options still show significant drawbacks such as the injection-related risk of contracting an infection. Due to their ability to encapsulate drugs with otherwise poor bioavailability, accumulate in areas of increased vascular permeability and control the release of active ingredients over time, nanoparticle systems have been widely researched to enhance current therapeutic strategies and expand the therapeutic arsenal. In this review, emphasis is placed both on the possibilities and drawbacks that a systemic nanoparticle-based therapy could have in the context of neovascular posterior eye diseases. Recent investigations into intravenous and intravitreal administration of nanomaterials and their potential to deliver potent drugs and genes to pathologic lesions will also be presented. Furthermore, we will focus on the exceptional anti-oxidative and anti-angiogenic properties of selected nanoscale systems that carve out new paths for the treatment of these severe posterior eye diseases.
后眼部的新生血管疾病，如年龄相关性黄斑变性、增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变或早产儿视网膜病变，给患者和医疗保健系统都带来了巨大负担。尽管玻璃体内注射基于抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的治疗药物已显著改善了许多患者的视力预后，但目前的治疗选择仍存在显著缺点，如注射相关的感染风险。由于纳米颗粒系统能够包裹生物利用度差的药物、在血管通透性增加的区域积聚并随时间控制活性成分的释放，因此人们对其进行了广泛研究，以增强当前的治疗策略并扩大治疗手段。在这篇综述中，重点关注基于纳米颗粒的全身治疗在新生血管性后眼部疾病背景下可能存在的可能性和缺点。还将介绍近期对纳米材料静脉内和玻璃体内给药及其向病理病变递送强效药物和基因的潜力的研究。此外，我们将重点关注选定的纳米级系统的特殊抗氧化和抗血管生成特性，这些特性为治疗这些严重的后眼部疾病开辟了新途径。
