Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea.
Epidemiol Health. 2014 Nov 28;36:e2014033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2014033. eCollection 2014.
For policy goal setting, efficacy evaluations, and the development of related programs for reducing sodium intake, it is essential to accurately identify the amount of sodium intake in South Korea and constantly monitor its trends. The present study aimed to identify the status of sodium intake in South Korea and to review the methods and their validity for estimating sodium intake in each country; through this, we aim to determine more accurate methods for determining sodium intake and to monitor the trend in sodium intake for Korean citizens in the future. Using 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to estimate daily sodium intake, the average daily sodium intake among Koreans was 4,546 mg (men, 5,212 mg; women, 3,868 mg). In addition to the nutrition survey that uses the 24-hour dietary recall method, sodium intake can also be calculated from the amount of sodium excreted in 24-hour urine, 8-hour overnight urine, and spot urine samples. Although KNHANES uses the 24-hour dietary recall method to estimate the sodium intake, the 24-hour dietary recall method has the disadvantage of not being able to accurately determine the amount of sodium intake owing to its unique characteristics of the research method and in the processing of data. Although measuring the amount of sodium excreted in 24-hour urine is known to be the most accurate method, because collecting 24-hour urine from the general population is difficult, using spot urine samples to estimate sodium intake has been suggested to be useful for examining the trend of sodium intake in the general population. Therefore, we planned to conduct a study for estimating of 24-hour sodium excretion from spot urine and 8-hour overnight urine samples and testing the validity among subsamples in the KNHANES. Based on this result, we will adopt the most appropriate urine collection method for estimating population sodium intake in South Korea.
为了制定政策目标、评估疗效以及开发相关的减钠项目，准确识别韩国的钠摄入量并持续监测其趋势至关重要。本研究旨在确定韩国的钠摄入量状况，并回顾各国估算钠摄入量的方法及其有效性；通过这些方法，我们旨在确定更准确的确定钠摄入量的方法，并监测未来韩国公民的钠摄入量趋势。本研究使用 2012 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查（KNHANES）的 24 小时膳食回忆数据来估算每日钠摄入量，韩国人的平均每日钠摄入量为 4546 毫克（男性为 5212 毫克，女性为 3868 毫克）。除了使用 24 小时膳食回忆法的营养调查之外，还可以根据 24 小时尿液、8 小时夜间尿液和随机尿液样本中排出的钠量来计算钠摄入量。尽管 KNHANES 使用 24 小时膳食回忆法来估算钠摄入量，但由于研究方法和数据处理的独特特征，24 小时膳食回忆法无法准确确定钠摄入量。尽管测量 24 小时尿液中排出的钠量被认为是最准确的方法，但由于从普通人群中收集 24 小时尿液较为困难，因此建议使用随机尿液样本来估算钠摄入量，这对于检查普通人群的钠摄入量趋势很有用。因此，我们计划进行一项研究，以从随机尿液和 8 小时夜间尿液样本中估算 24 小时钠排泄量，并在 KNHANES 的亚样本中测试其有效性。基于此结果，我们将采用最适合估算韩国人群钠摄入量的尿液收集方法。
