Kogan Michael I, Naboka Yulia L, Ibishev Khalid S, Gudima Irina A, Naber Kurt G
Department of Urology, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov on Don, Russia.
Urol Int. 2015;94(4):445-52. doi: 10.1159/000369631. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
Until recently the generally accepted paradigm implied that urine of healthy people is sterile. In the present study, urine of healthy subjects was investigated by extended bacteriological methods.
Three midstream urine samples from 52 healthy subjects each (24 females, 28 males; 18-25 years of age) were investigated by an extended set of culture media for identification of facultative aerobic (FAB) and nonclostridial anaerobic bacteria (NCAB). Ward's method (Euclidean distance) was used for similarity analysis.
The bacterial count of FAB in urine was usually low (≤ 10(2) colony-forming units/ml) in both groups. In contrast, the bacterial count of NCAB was higher (≥ 10(3) colony-forming units/ml), at least in some species, with significant differences between genders. The average number of bacterial species found was 5.8 in female and 7.1 in male urine. Half of the females were assigned to a specific 'female' microbial spectrum, different from that of males. In the mixed-gender clusters, the males showed a greater similarity among themselves.
As also shown by other investigators, urine of healthy people is normally not sterile. The role of the routinely not cultivated bacteria in healthy and diseased subjects needs to be established. It may alter the diagnostics of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract.
直到最近，普遍接受的范式都认为健康人的尿液是无菌的。在本研究中，采用扩展的细菌学方法对健康受试者的尿液进行了调查。
对52名健康受试者（24名女性，28名男性；年龄18 - 25岁）每人的三份中段尿样本，使用一套扩展的培养基来鉴定兼性需氧菌（FAB）和非梭菌属厌氧菌（NCAB）。采用沃德方法（欧氏距离）进行相似性分析。
两组尿液中FAB的细菌计数通常较低（≤10²菌落形成单位/毫升）。相比之下，NCAB的细菌计数较高（≥10³菌落形成单位/毫升），至少在某些菌种中如此，且男女之间存在显著差异。女性尿液中发现的细菌种类平均为5.8种，男性尿液中为7.1种。一半的女性被归为一种特定的“女性”微生物谱，与男性不同。在混合性别的聚类中，男性之间表现出更大的相似性。
正如其他研究者也表明的那样，健康人的尿液通常并非无菌。常规未培养细菌在健康和患病受试者中的作用有待确定。它可能会改变泌尿生殖道感染性和炎症性疾病的诊断。
