Farrera Consol, Fadeel Bengt
Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015 Sep;95(Pt A):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
The immune system represents our primary defense system against foreign intrusion, including pathogens as well as particles. In order to understand the potential toxicity of engineered nanomaterials of ever increasing sophistication, it is necessary to understand the sophistication of the immune system with its multiple, specialized cell types and soluble mediators. Moreover, it is important to consider not only material-intrinsic properties of the pristine nanomaterial, but also the acquired, context-dependent 'identity' of a nanomaterial in a living system resulting from the adsorption of biomolecules on its surface. The immune system has evolved to recognize a vast array of microbes through so-called pattern recognition; we discuss in the present review whether engineered nanomaterials with or without a corona of biomolecules could also be sensed as 'pathogens' by immune-competent cells.
免疫系统是我们抵御外来入侵的主要防御系统，包括病原体和颗粒。为了理解日益复杂的工程纳米材料的潜在毒性，有必要了解免疫系统的复杂性，它有多种特殊的细胞类型和可溶性介质。此外，不仅要考虑原始纳米材料的材料固有特性，还要考虑生物分子在其表面吸附后，纳米材料在生物系统中获得的、依赖于环境的“身份”。免疫系统通过所谓的模式识别进化到能够识别大量微生物；在本综述中，我们讨论了有或没有生物分子冠层的工程纳米材料是否也能被免疫活性细胞感知为“病原体”。
