Nanosafety and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 1;10:133. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00133. eCollection 2019.
Engineered nanomaterials hold promise for a wide range of applications in medicine. However, safe use of nanomaterials requires that interactions with biological systems, not least with the immune system, are understood. Do nanomaterials elicit novel or unexpected effects, or is it possible to predict immune responses to nanomaterials based on how the immune system handles pathogens? How does the bio-corona of adsorbed biomolecules influence subsequent immune interactions of nanomaterials? How does the grafting of polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) onto nanomaterial surfaces impact on these interactions? Can ancient immune evasion or "stealth" strategies of pathogens inform the design of nanomaterials for biomedical applications? Can nanoparticles co-opt immune cells to target diseased tissues? The answers to these questions may prove useful for the development of nanomedicines.
纳米材料在医学的广泛应用中具有广阔的前景。然而，安全使用纳米材料需要了解与生物系统的相互作用，尤其是免疫系统的相互作用。纳米材料是否会引发新的或意想不到的作用，或者是否有可能根据免疫系统处理病原体的方式来预测对纳米材料的免疫反应？吸附生物分子的生物冠如何影响纳米材料随后的免疫相互作用？将诸如聚（乙二醇）等聚合物接枝到纳米材料表面会如何影响这些相互作用？病原体古老的免疫逃避或“隐身”策略能否为用于生物医学应用的纳米材料设计提供信息？纳米粒子能否招募免疫细胞来靶向病变组织？这些问题的答案可能对纳米药物的开发有用。
