Sturm Roland, Hattori Aiko
RAND Corporation, United States.
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 May;133:205-11. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
We evaluate the impact of the "Los Angeles Fast-Food Ban", a zoning regulation that has restricted opening/remodeling of standalone fast-food restaurants in South Los Angeles since 2008. Food retail permits issued after the ban are more often for small food/convenience stores and less often for larger restaurants not part of a chain in South Los Angeles compared to other areas; there are no significant differences in the share of new fast-food chain outlets, other chain restaurants, or large food markets. About 10% of food outlets are new since the regulation, but there is little evidence that the composition has changed differentially across areas. Data from the California Health Interview Survey show that fast-food consumption and overweight/obesity rates have increased from 2007 to 2011/2012 in all areas. The increase in the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity since the ban has been significantly larger in South Los Angeles than elsewhere. A positive development has been a drop in soft drink consumption since 2007, but that drop is of similar magnitude in all areas.
我们评估了“洛杉矶快餐禁令”的影响，这是一项分区规定，自2008年以来限制了南洛杉矶独立快餐店的开业/改造。与其他地区相比，禁令实施后在南洛杉矶发放的食品零售许可证更多是针对小型食品/便利店，而针对非连锁大型餐厅的情况则较少；新的快餐连锁店、其他连锁餐厅或大型食品市场的份额没有显著差异。自该规定实施以来，约10%的食品店是新开的，但几乎没有证据表明各地区的构成有不同变化。加利福尼亚健康访谈调查的数据显示，2007年至2011/2012年期间，所有地区的快餐消费和超重/肥胖率都有所上升。禁令实施后，南洛杉矶超重和肥胖合并患病率的上升幅度明显大于其他地方。一个积极的发展趋势是自2007年以来软饮料消费量有所下降，但所有地区的下降幅度相似。
