Psychology Department, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
Psychology Department, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2016 Apr;17(2):149-59. doi: 10.1177/1524838015576391. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
Many sexual violence survivors do not label their experiences as rape but instead use more benign labels, such as "bad sex" or "miscommunication." A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the mean prevalence of unacknowledged rape and to inform our understanding of methodological factors that influence the detection of this phenomenon. Studies were identified using PsycINFO, PubMED, and PILOTS and were required to report the percentage of unacknowledged rape that had occurred since the age of 14 among female survivors. Moderator variables included mean participant age, recruitment source, rape definition, and unacknowledged rape definition. Twenty-eight studies (30 independent samples) containing 5,917 female rape survivors met the inclusion criteria. Based on a random effects model, the overall weighted mean percentage of unacknowledged rape was 60.4% (95% confidence interval [55.0%, 65.6%]). There was a large amount of heterogeneity, Q(29) = 445.11, p < .001, and inconsistency (I(2) = 93.5%) among included studies. The prevalence was significantly higher among college student participants compared to noncollege participants. The findings supported that over half of all female rape survivors do not acknowledge that they have been raped. The results suggest that screening tools should use behaviorally descriptive items about sexual contact, rather than using terms such as "rape."
许多性暴力幸存者并不将自己的经历描述为强奸，而是使用更温和的标签，例如“糟糕的性经历”或“沟通失误”。本研究进行了荟萃分析，以估计未被承认的强奸的平均发生率，并深入了解影响检测这种现象的方法学因素。研究使用 PsycINFO、PubMED 和 PILOTS 进行了检索，要求报告在 14 岁以后，女性幸存者中未被承认的强奸发生率。调节变量包括平均参与者年龄、招募来源、强奸定义和未被承认的强奸定义。28 项研究（30 个独立样本）包含 5917 名女性强奸幸存者，符合纳入标准。基于随机效应模型，未被承认的强奸的总体加权平均百分比为 60.4%（95%置信区间[55.0%，65.6%]）。纳入研究之间存在大量异质性（Q（29）=445.11，p<.001）和不一致性（I（2）=93.5%）。与非大学生参与者相比，大学生参与者的发生率明显更高。研究结果支持这样一个观点，即超过一半的女性强奸幸存者不承认自己被强奸了。这些结果表明，筛选工具应该使用性行为描述性项目来描述性接触，而不是使用“强奸”等术语。
