Torra Moreno Marta, Canals Sans Josefa, Colomina Fosch Maria Teresa
Jeroni de Moragas Private Fundation, Tarragona, Spain.
Jeroni de Moragas Association, Tarragona, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 13;12:647399. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647399. eCollection 2021.
In recent years, digital devices have been progressively introduced in rehabilitation programs and have affected skills training methods used with children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). The objective of this review is to assess the effects of the use of digital devices on the cognitive functions and behavioral skills in this population, and to acknowledge their potential as a therapeutic tool. Electronic databases were analyzed until February 2020 using search formulas with free terms related to ID and the use of digital systems with children or adolescents. The risk of bias in randomized controlled trials was assessed by means of the modified Cochrane Collaboration tool and the quality level of the non-randomized studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Forty-four studies were analyzed, most of which were categorized as low quality. Of the executive function studies analyzed, 60% reported significant improvements, most commonly related to working memory. Within the cognitive skills, 47% of the studies analyzed reported significant improvements, 30% of them in language. Significant improvements in the social (50%) and behavioral domains (30%) were also reported. These results suggest that digital interventions are effective in improving working memory and academic skills, and positively affect both the social and behavioral domains. Little information has been published regarding the duration of the effects, which could be limited in time. Further research is necessary to assess long-term effectiveness, the influence of comorbidities, and the effects on subjects with severe ID. The inclusion of smartphones and special education centers is also necessary.
近年来，数字设备已逐渐被引入康复项目，并影响了用于智障儿童和青少年的技能训练方法。本综述的目的是评估使用数字设备对该人群认知功能和行为技能的影响，并确认其作为治疗工具的潜力。使用与智障以及儿童或青少年使用数字系统相关的自由词搜索公式，对电子数据库进行分析，直至2020年2月。采用改良的Cochrane协作工具评估随机对照试验中的偏倚风险，并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估非随机研究的质量水平。分析了44项研究，其中大多数被归类为低质量。在分析的执行功能研究中，60%报告有显著改善，最常见的是与工作记忆有关。在认知技能方面，47%的分析研究报告有显著改善，其中30%在语言方面。在社交（50%）和行为领域（30%）也报告有显著改善。这些结果表明，数字干预在改善工作记忆和学术技能方面是有效的，并对社交和行为领域产生积极影响。关于效果持续时间的信息很少，其可能在时间上有限。有必要进行进一步研究以评估长期有效性、合并症的影响以及对重度智障受试者的影响。纳入智能手机和特殊教育中心也是必要的。
