Hause Ben M, Collin Emily A, Anderson Joe, Hesse Richard A, Anderson Gary
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0121998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121998. eCollection 2015.
Bovine rhinitis viruses (BRV) are established etiological agents of bovine respiratory disease complex however little research into their epidemiology and ecology has been published for several decades. In the U.S., only bovine rhinitis A virus 1 (BRAV1) has been identified while bovine rhinitis A virus 2 (BRAV2) and bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) were previously only identified in England and Japan, respectively. Metagenomic sequencing of a nasal swab from a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) diagnostic submission from Kansas identified contigs with approximately 90% nucleotide similarity to BRAV2 and BRBV. A combination of de novo and templated assemblies using reference genomes yielded near complete BRAV2 and BRBV genomes. The near complete genome of bovine rhinitis A virus 1 (BRAV1) was also determined from a historical isolate to enable further molecular epidemiological studies. A 5'-nuclease reverse transcription PCR assay targeting the 3D polymerase gene was designed and used to screen 204 archived BRD clinical specimens. Thirteen (6.4%) were positive. Metagenomic sequencing of six positive samples identified mixed BRAV1/BRAV2, BRAV1/BRBV and BRAV2/BRBV infections for five samples. One sample showed infection only with BRAV1. Seroprevalence studies using a cell culture adapted BRBV found immunofluorescence assay-reactive antibodies were common in the herds analyzed. Altogether, these results demonstrate that BRV infections are common in cattle with respiratory disease and that BRAV1, BRAV2 and BRBV co-circulate in U.S. cattle and have high similarity to viruses isolated more than 30 years ago from diverse locations.
牛鼻炎病毒（BRV）是牛呼吸道疾病综合征的确立病原体，但几十年来针对其流行病学和生态学的研究报道很少。在美国，仅鉴定出牛鼻炎A病毒1型（BRAV1），而牛鼻炎A病毒2型（BRAV2）和牛鼻炎B病毒（BRBV）此前分别仅在英国和日本被鉴定出。对一份来自堪萨斯州的牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）诊断送检样本的鼻拭子进行宏基因组测序，鉴定出与BRAV2和BRBV核苷酸相似度约为90%的重叠群。使用参考基因组进行的从头组装和模板组装相结合，得到了近乎完整的BRAV2和BRBV基因组。还从一份历史分离株中确定了牛鼻炎A病毒1型（BRAV1）的近乎完整基因组，以开展进一步的分子流行病学研究。设计了一种靶向3D聚合酶基因的5'核酸酶逆转录PCR检测方法，并用于筛查204份存档的BRD临床样本。其中13份（6.4%）呈阳性。对6份阳性样本进行宏基因组测序，发现5份样本存在BRAV1/BRAV2、BRAV1/BRBV和BRAV2/BRBV混合感染。1份样本仅显示感染了BRAV1。使用适应细胞培养的BRBV进行的血清流行率研究发现，在分析的牛群中，免疫荧光试验反应性抗体很常见。总之，这些结果表明，BRV感染在患有呼吸道疾病的牛中很常见，并且BRAV1、BRAV2和BRBV在美国牛群中共同传播，并且与30多年前从不同地点分离出的病毒具有高度相似性。
