Hernández-Alonso P, Salas-Salvadó J, Baldrich-Mora M, Mallol R, Correig X, Bulló M
Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Metabolomic Platform, CIBERDEM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Apr;25(4):396-402. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Nuts have been demonstrated to improve several cardiovascular risk factors and the lipid profile in diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects. However, analysis of conventional serum lipid profiles does not completely explain the atherogenic risk associated with pre-diabetes. We therefore investigated whether chronic consumption of pistachio modifies the lipoprotein subclasses to a healthier profile in pre-diabetic subjects.
Randomized cross-over clinical trial in 54 subjects with pre-diabetes. Subjects consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50% carbohydrates, 33% fat, including 57 g/d of pistachios daily) and a control diet (CD, 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat) for 4 months each, separated by a 2-week wash-out. Diets were isocaloric and matched for protein, fiber and saturated fatty acids. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was performed to determine changes in plasma lipoprotein subclasses. Small low-density lipoprotein particles (sLDL-P) significantly decreased after pistachio consumption compared to the nut-free diet (P = 0.023). The non-high-density lipoprotein particles (non-HDL-P i.e. VLDL-P plus LDL-P) significantly decreased under the PD compared to CD (P = 0.041). The percentage of sHDL-P increased by 2.23% after the PD compared with a reduction of 0.08% after the CD (P = 0.014). Consequently, the overall size of HDL-P significantly decreased in the PD (P = 0.007).
Chronic pistachio consumption could modify the lipoprotein particle size and subclass concentrations independently of changes in total plasma lipid profile, which may help to explain the decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality associated with those individuals who frequently consumed nuts.
This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01441921.
坚果已被证明可改善糖尿病及糖尿病前期患者的多种心血管危险因素和血脂状况。然而，传统血清脂质谱分析并不能完全解释糖尿病前期相关的动脉粥样硬化风险。因此，我们研究了长期食用开心果是否能使糖尿病前期患者的脂蛋白亚类转变为更健康的状态。
对54例糖尿病前期患者进行随机交叉临床试验。受试者分别食用添加开心果的饮食（PD，碳水化合物占50%，脂肪占33%，其中每日含57克开心果）和对照饮食（CD，碳水化合物占55%，脂肪占30%），各为期4个月，中间间隔2周的洗脱期。两种饮食的热量相同，蛋白质、纤维和饱和脂肪酸含量匹配。采用核磁共振（NMR）测定血浆脂蛋白亚类的变化。与不食用坚果的饮食相比，食用开心果后小低密度脂蛋白颗粒（sLDL-P）显著减少（P = 0.023）。与CD相比，PD组的非高密度脂蛋白颗粒（即极低密度脂蛋白颗粒加低密度脂蛋白颗粒，non-HDL-P）显著减少（P = 0.041）。PD组后sHDL-P的百分比增加了2.23%，而CD组后降低了0.08%（P = 0.014）。因此，PD组中高密度脂蛋白颗粒的总体大小显著减小（P = 0.007）。
长期食用开心果可独立于总血浆脂质谱的变化而改变脂蛋白颗粒大小和亚类浓度，这可能有助于解释经常食用坚果的个体心血管疾病风险和死亡率降低的原因。
