Futai Special Laboratory, Microbial Chemistry Research Center, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2007 Jan;82(10):416-38. doi: 10.2183/pjab.82.416. Epub 2007 Jan 12.
ATP is synthesized by F-type proton-translocating ATPases (F-ATPases) coupled with an electrochemical proton gradient established by an electron transfer chain. This mechanism is ubiquitously found in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria. Vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) are found in endomembrane organelles, including lysosomes, endosomes, synaptic vesicles, etc., of animal and plant cells. These two physiologically different proton pumps exhibit similarities in subunit assembly, catalysis and the coupling mechanism from chemistry to proton transport through subunit rotation. We mostly discuss our own studies on the two proton pumps over the last three decades, including ones on purification, kinetic analysis, rotational catalysis and the diverse roles of acidic luminal organelles. The diversity of organellar proton pumps and their stochastic fluctuation are the important concepts derived recently from our studies.
ATP 是由与电子传递链建立的电化学质子梯度相偶联的 F 型质子转运 ATP 酶（F-ATPases）合成的。这种机制在线粒体、叶绿体和细菌中普遍存在。液泡型 ATP 酶（V-ATPases）存在于动物和植物细胞的内膜细胞器中，包括溶酶体、内体、突触小泡等。这两种生理上不同的质子泵在亚基组装、催化和从化学到质子通过亚基旋转转运的偶联机制方面具有相似性。我们主要讨论了过去三十年来我们对这两种质子泵的研究，包括它们的纯化、动力学分析、旋转催化以及酸性腔室细胞器的多种作用。细胞器质子泵的多样性及其随机波动是我们最近的研究中得出的重要概念。
