Starling Phoebe, Charlton Karen, McMahon Anne T, Lucas Catherine
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Nutrients. 2015 Mar 18;7(3):2001-14. doi: 10.3390/nu7032001.
Fish is a source of several nutrients that are important for healthy foetal development. Guidelines from Australia, Europe and the USA encourage fish consumption during pregnancy. The potential for contamination by heavy metals, as well as risk of listeriosis requires careful consideration of the shaping of dietary messages related to fish intake during pregnancy. This review critically evaluates literature on fish intake in pregnant women, with a focus on the association between neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring and maternal fish intake during pregnancy. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2000 and March 2014 were included. Eligible studies included those of healthy pregnant women who had experienced full term births and those that had measured fish or seafood intake and assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library were searched using the search terms: pregnant, neurodevelopment, cognition, fish and seafood. Of 279 papers sourced, eight were included in the final review. Due to heterogeneity in methodology and measured outcomes, a qualitative comparison of study findings was conducted. This review indicates that the benefits of diets providing moderate amounts of fish during pregnancy outweigh potential detrimental effects in regards to offspring neurodevelopment. It is important that the type of fish consumed is low in mercury.
鱼类是几种对胎儿健康发育至关重要的营养素的来源。澳大利亚、欧洲和美国的指南都鼓励孕期食用鱼类。重金属污染的可能性以及李斯特菌病的风险，使得在制定与孕期鱼类摄入相关的饮食建议时需要仔细考虑。本综述对有关孕妇鱼类摄入的文献进行了批判性评估，重点关注后代神经发育结果与孕期母亲鱼类摄入之间的关联。纳入了2000年1月至2014年3月期间发表的同行评审期刊文章。符合条件的研究包括那些足月分娩的健康孕妇的研究，以及那些测量了鱼类或海鲜摄入量并评估了后代神经发育结果的研究。使用搜索词“怀孕、神经发育、认知、鱼类和海鲜”在Medline、Scopus、科学引文索引、ScienceDirect和考克兰图书馆进行了检索。在检索到的279篇论文中，有8篇被纳入最终综述。由于方法和测量结果存在异质性，对研究结果进行了定性比较。本综述表明，孕期饮食中适量食用鱼类的益处超过了对后代神经发育可能产生的不利影响。食用汞含量低的鱼类很重要。
