Caro-Corrales Lorena, Caro-Corrales Jose, Valdez-Ortiz Angel, Lopez-Valenzuela Jose, Lopez-Moreno Hector, Coronado-Velazquez Daniel, Hernandez-Ortiz Emilio, Rendon-Maldonado Jose
Doctorado en Biotecnologia, Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Americas y Blvd, Universitarios S/N, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Departamento de Infectomica y Patogenesis Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico, DF.
J Insect Sci. 2015 Mar 22;15(1). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iev003. Print 2015.
The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful pests of mango causing direct damage by oviposition on the fruit pulp. Mango for export is subjected to hydrothermal treatment as a quarantine method for the control of this pest, but exposure to heat for long periods of time reduces considerably the quality and shelf-life of treated fruit. The aim of this work was to study morphological changes of third-instar larvae and adults of A. ludens after in vitro exposure to high temperature at sublethal times. A heating block system was used to expose larvae at 46.1°C for 19.6 and 12.9 min, producing 94.6 and 70% mortality, respectively. Treated larvae were processed for optical microscopy. A fraction of surviving treated larvae was separated into containers with artificial diet to allow development into adults. Adult sexual organs were dissected and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results showed that 94.6% of the treated larvae died at 46.1°C for 19.6 min and none of the surviving larvae eclosed to adulthood, as they developed as malformed puparia. For the in vitro treatment at 46.1°C during 12.9 min, 70% of the treated larvae died and only 3.75% reached the adult stage, but ultrastructural damage in the male testes and in the female ovaries was observed. Additionally, 11.1% of the adult flies from the in vitro treatment also showed wing malformation and were incapable of flying. The analysis showed that surviving flies were unable to reproduce.
墨西哥果蝇，即加勒比按实蝇（Anastrepha ludens Loew，双翅目：实蝇科），是芒果最具危害性的害虫之一，它通过在果肉上产卵造成直接损害。用于出口的芒果需进行湿热处理，作为控制这种害虫的检疫方法，但长时间暴露在高温下会显著降低处理后水果的品质和保质期。这项工作的目的是研究加勒比按实蝇三龄幼虫和成虫在体外亚致死时间暴露于高温后的形态变化。使用加热块系统将幼虫在46.1°C下暴露19.6分钟和12.9分钟，死亡率分别为94.6%和70%。对处理后的幼虫进行光学显微镜检查。将一部分存活的处理后幼虫分入装有人工饲料的容器中，使其发育成成虫。解剖成虫的性器官并进行透射电子显微镜分析。结果表明，94.6%的处理后幼虫在46.1°C下暴露19.6分钟后死亡，没有存活的幼虫羽化为成虫，因为它们发育成了畸形蛹。对于在46.1°C下进行12.9分钟的体外处理，70%的处理后幼虫死亡，只有3.75%达到成虫阶段，但在雄性睾丸和雌性卵巢中观察到超微结构损伤。此外，体外处理后的成虫中有11.1%也表现出翅膀畸形，无法飞行。分析表明，存活的果蝇无法繁殖。
