Guignard Brice, Olstad Bjørn H, Simbaña Escobar David, Lauer Jessy, Kjendlie Per-Ludvik, Rouard Annie H
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoy, Le Bourget du Lac, France.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Nov;10(8):1061-5. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0498. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
To investigate electromyographical (EMG) profiles characterizing the lower-limb flexion-extension in an aquatic environment in high-level breaststrokers.
The 2-dimensional breaststroke kick of 1 international- and 2 national-level female swimmers was analyzed during 2 maximal 25-m swims. The activities of biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were recorded.
The breaststroke kick was divided in 3 phases, according to the movements performed in the sagittal plane: push phase (PP) covering 27% of the total kick duration, glide phase (GP) 41%, and recovery phase (RP) 32%. Intrasubject reproducibility of the EMG and kinematics was observed from 1 stroke cycle to another. In addition, important intersubject kinematic reproducibility was noted, whereas muscle activities discriminated the subjects: The explosive PP was characterized by important muscle-activation peaks. During the recovery, muscles were likewise solicited for swimmers 1 (S1) and 2 (S2), while the lowest activities were observed during GP for S2 and swimmer 3 (S3), but not for S1, who maintained major muscle solicitations.
The main muscle activities were observed during PP to perform powerful lower-limb extension. The most-skilled swimmer (S1) was the only 1 to solicit her muscles during GP to actively reach better streamlining. Important activation peaks during RP correspond to the limbs acting against water drag. Such differences in EMG strategies among an elite group highlight the importance of considering the muscle parameters used to effectively control the intensity of activation among the phases for a more efficient breaststroke kick.
研究高水平蛙泳运动员在水环境中下肢屈伸的肌电图（EMG）特征。
在两次25米最大强度游泳过程中，对1名国际级和2名国家级女子游泳运动员的二维蛙泳蹬腿动作进行分析。记录股二头肌、股直肌、腓肠肌和胫骨前肌的活动情况。
根据矢状面的动作，蛙泳蹬腿分为三个阶段：蹬腿阶段（PP）占总蹬腿时长的27%，滑行阶段（GP）占41%，恢复阶段（RP）占32%。从一个划水周期到另一个划水周期，观察到肌电图和运动学的受试者内再现性。此外，还注意到重要的受试者间运动学再现性，而肌肉活动可区分受试者：爆发性的PP阶段具有重要的肌肉激活峰值特征。在恢复阶段，游泳运动员1（S1）和2（S2）的肌肉同样受到牵拉，而在GP阶段，S2和游泳运动员3（S3）的活动最低，但S1并非如此，S1在该阶段仍保持主要的肌肉牵拉。
在PP阶段观察到主要的肌肉活动，以进行有力的下肢伸展。技术最熟练的游泳运动员（S1）是唯一在GP阶段牵拉肌肉以积极达到更好流线型的运动员。RP阶段的重要激活峰值对应于肢体对抗水阻力的动作。精英组之间肌电图策略的这种差异凸显了考虑用于有效控制各阶段激活强度的肌肉参数对于更高效蛙泳蹬腿的重要性。
