School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(15):11360-71. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4230-3. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
The recycling of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation and road cleaning is an important strategy to minimize water scarcity in megacities. However, little is known regarding the potential accumulation of antibiotics contained in reclaimed wastewater in urban soil. We investigated the occurrence and distribution of eight quinolones (QNs), nine sulfonamides (SAs), and five macrolides (MLs) antibiotics in urban surface soil in Beijing and Shanghai, China. QNs, especially norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were the predominant antibiotics in urban surface soil, and NOR revealed the highest average concentration of 94.6 μg kg(-1). The antibiotic concentrations in urban soil in our study were higher than those detected in agricultural soils after long-term wastewater irrigation and manure fertilization. The concentrations of antibiotics in Shanghai urban soil showed a significant negative correlation with soil pH and a positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC), reflecting the effect of speciation and soil organic matter content on sorption and retention. In addition, antibiotic concentrations in the urban soil were positively correlated with heavy metal contents, likely due to their coexistence in reclaimed wastewater and the promoting effect of metals on the sorption of antibiotics. In several soil samples, NOR, OFL, CIP, enrofloxacin (ENR), and fleroxacin (FLE) showed higher concentrations than the trigger value of 100 μg kg(-1) in soil, indicating a potential risk for the environment.
再生水用于灌溉和道路清洁的再循环是缓解特大城市水资源短缺的重要策略。然而，关于再生废水中所含抗生素在城市土壤中的潜在积累情况，人们知之甚少。我们研究了中国北京和上海城市表层土壤中 8 种喹诺酮类（QNs）、9 种磺胺类（SAs）和 5 种大环内酯类（MLs）抗生素的出现和分布情况。QNs，尤其是诺氟沙星（NOR）、氧氟沙星（OFL）和环丙沙星（CIP）是城市表层土壤中的主要抗生素，NOR 的平均浓度最高，为 94.6μgkg-1。与长期污水灌溉和粪便施肥后的农业土壤相比，我们研究中的城市土壤中抗生素的浓度更高。上海城市土壤中抗生素的浓度与土壤 pH 值呈显著负相关，与总有机碳（TOC）呈正相关，反映了形态和土壤有机质含量对吸附和保留的影响。此外，抗生素在城市土壤中的浓度与重金属含量呈正相关，这可能是由于它们在再生废水中共存以及金属对抗生素吸附的促进作用。在一些土壤样本中，NOR、OFL、CIP、恩诺沙星（ENR）和氟罗沙星（FLE）的浓度高于土壤中 100μgkg-1 的触发值，表明对环境存在潜在风险。
