School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia.
Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Gomeroi gaaynggal Centre , Tamworth, NSW , Australia.
Front Immunol. 2015 Mar 10;6:89. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00089. eCollection 2015.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), neonatal deaths, and deaths from infection are higher among Indigenous Australians. This study aimed to determine the effects of inflammatory responses and exposure to cigarette smoke, two important factors associated with sudden death in infancy, on preterm birth, and birth weight in a cohort of Indigenous mothers. Indigenous Australian women (n = 131) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study while attending antenatal care clinics during pregnancy; blood samples were collected up to three times in pregnancy. Serum cotinine, indicating exposure to cigarette smoke, was detected in 50.4% of mothers. Compared with non-Indigenous women, the cohort had 10 times the prevalence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (33 vs. 3%). Levels of immunoglobulin G, antibodies to H. pylori, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all inversely correlated with gestational age (P < 0.05). CRP levels were positively associated with maternal body mass index (BMI; ρ = 0.449, P = 0.001). The effects of cigarette smoke (cotinine) and inflammation (CRP) were assessed in relation to risk factors for SIDS: gestational age at delivery and birth weight. Serum cotinine levels were negatively associated with birth weight (ρ = -0.37, P < 0.001), this correlation held true for both male (ρ = -0.39, P = 0.002) and female (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.017) infants. Cotinine was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery (ρ = -0.199, P = 0.023). When assessed by fetal sex, this was significant only for males (ρ = -0.327, P = 0.011). CRP was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery for female infants (ρ = -0.46, P < 0.001). In contrast, maternal BMI was significantly correlated with birth weight. These data highlight the importance of putting programs in place to reduce cigarette smoke exposure in pregnancy and to treat women with chronic infections such as H. pylori to improve pregnancy outcomes and decrease risk factors for sudden death in infancy.
澳大利亚原住民的婴儿猝死综合征 (SIDS)、新生儿死亡和感染性死亡的比例较高。本研究旨在确定炎症反应和接触香烟烟雾这两个与婴儿猝死相关的重要因素对早产和出生体重的影响，研究对象是一群原住民母亲。在怀孕期间，131 名原住民澳大利亚妇女参加了一项纵向研究，并在产前保健诊所接受了招募；在怀孕期间，她们的血液样本被采集了多达 3 次。50.4%的母亲体内检测到血清可替宁，这表明她们接触过香烟烟雾。与非原住民女性相比，该队列中抗幽门螺杆菌 (H. pylori) 抗体的患病率高 10 倍 (33%比 3%)。免疫球蛋白 G、抗 H. pylori 抗体和 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 的水平均与胎龄呈负相关 (P<0.05)。CRP 水平与母亲体重指数 (BMI) 呈正相关 (ρ=0.449，P=0.001)。在与 SIDS 相关的危险因素（分娩时的胎龄和出生体重）方面，评估了香烟烟雾（可替宁）和炎症（CRP）的影响。血清可替宁水平与出生体重呈负相关 (ρ=-0.37，P<0.001)，这一相关性在男性 (ρ=-0.39，P=0.002) 和女性 (ρ=-0.30，P=0.017) 婴儿中均成立。可替宁与分娩时的胎龄呈负相关 (ρ=-0.199，P=0.023)。当按胎儿性别评估时，这一相关性仅在男性中显著 (ρ=-0.327，P=0.011)。CRP 与女性婴儿的胎龄呈负相关 (ρ=-0.46，P<0.001)。相比之下，母亲的 BMI 与出生体重显著相关。这些数据强调了在怀孕期间减少吸烟暴露和治疗慢性感染（如 H. pylori）的重要性，这有助于改善妊娠结局并降低婴儿猝死的风险因素。
