Petersen S, Roggendorf H, Wicker S
Betriebsärztlicher Dienst, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt.
Reise-Impfsprechstunde/Gelbfieberimpfstelle, Zentrum für Prävention, Ernährung und Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München.
Gesundheitswesen. 2017 May;79(5):394-398. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1547274. Epub 2015 Mar 25.
Health-care workers (HCW) have an increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases and constitute a risk of transmission to their patients. Medical students working as HCW should therefore have the same immunity against vaccine preventable diseases as HCW. The aim of the study was to assess medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards occupationally indicated vaccinations as well as their vaccination status. Questionnaires were anonymously answered by medical students of the fourth preclinical semester at the Goethe-University Frankfurt. Despite a high acceptance among medical students concerning vaccinations in general, the knowledge and vaccination status of the students should be improved. For instance, only 46.4% of the medical students knew that there is a general recommendation for HCW to receive the influenza vaccination and only 76.8% of the students stated to have received 2 measles vaccinations. Overall, 2/3 of the students were "very much in favour of vaccinations" or "completely in favour of vaccinations" and estimated the probability for unvaccinated HCW to acquire an occupationally associated infectious disease to be "quite high" or "very high". Having observed a positive attitude among medical students towards vaccinations, it should be possible to reach high vaccination coverage amongst students by offering them occupationally indicated vaccinations. Further knowledge concerning vaccine preventable diseases and the occupation-related increased risk for infectious diseases should be offered, as well.
医护人员感染传染病的风险增加，并且存在将疾病传播给患者的风险。因此，作为医护人员工作的医学生应与医护人员一样对疫苗可预防疾病具有相同的免疫力。本研究的目的是评估医学生对职业所需疫苗接种的知识和态度以及他们的疫苗接种状况。法兰克福歌德大学临床前第四学期的医学生对问卷进行了匿名回答。尽管医学生总体上对疫苗接种的接受度较高，但学生们的知识水平和疫苗接种状况仍有待提高。例如，只有46.4%的医学生知道医护人员普遍被建议接种流感疫苗，只有76.8%的学生表示接种过两剂麻疹疫苗。总体而言，三分之二的学生“非常赞成接种疫苗”或“完全赞成接种疫苗”，并估计未接种疫苗的医护人员感染职业相关传染病的可能性为“相当高”或“非常高”。鉴于已观察到医学生对疫苗接种持积极态度，通过为他们提供职业所需的疫苗接种，应该有可能在学生中实现高疫苗接种覆盖率。此外，还应提供有关疫苗可预防疾病以及与职业相关的传染病风险增加的更多知识。
