Bianchi Vittorio E, Ribisl Paul M
Center for Clinical Nutrition, Metabolism, and Physical Performance, San Marino, Italy (Dr Bianchi), and Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Ribisl).
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2015 Jul-Aug;35(4):263-7. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000114.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cardiovascular disease and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications, and it has been shown to increase insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise training and weight loss on ROS in overweight and obese patients as applied in a community clinical setting.
Fifty healthy female clinic patients (M ± SEM: age, 41.0 ± 1.8 years; body mass index, 28.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2), free of cardiovascular events and not on drug therapy were evaluated before and after 3 months of dietary restriction (∼150 to 300 kcal/day deficit) and aerobic training (3 days/week for 1 hour at ∼75% VO2max). Measures included ROS, maximal power (kg/min) on cycle ergometry, postexercise heart rate recovery responses at 1 and 2 minutes, and selected anthropometric and hematologic variables.
Significant (P < .01) improvements were observed after aerobic training and weight loss in body weight in kilograms (-7.1%); maximal power in kg/min (+32.6%), ROS in U.CARR (Carratelli units) (-25.7%); and heart rate recovery 1 minute in beats per minute (-37.6%) following the program. Significant improvements were also noted in other anthropometric, cardiovascular, and hematologic measures.
A 12-week program of nutritional and exercise intervention in overweight/obese sedentary women improves levels of oxidative stress when accompanied by weight loss and improved fitness. More than restricted caloric intake, physical activity at a relatively high intensity was effective in improving cardiovascular risk markers. The reduction in ROS may be an additional mechanism by which physical activity may contribute to preventing metabolic syndrome and subsequent atherosclerotic disease.
活性氧（ROS）与心血管疾病、2型糖尿病及其并发症的发病机制有关，并且已被证明会增加胰岛素抵抗。本研究的目的是在社区临床环境中，研究有氧运动训练和体重减轻对超重和肥胖患者体内ROS的影响。
对50名健康的女性门诊患者（均值±标准误：年龄，41.0±1.8岁；体重指数，28.2±0.8kg/m²）进行评估，这些患者无心血管事件且未接受药物治疗，在进行3个月的饮食限制（每天减少约150至300千卡热量）和有氧运动训练（每周3天，每次1小时，约为最大摄氧量的75%）之前和之后进行测量。测量指标包括ROS、蹬车测力试验中的最大功率（千克/分钟）、运动后1分钟和2分钟时的心率恢复反应，以及选定的人体测量和血液学变量。
有氧运动训练和体重减轻后，观察到以下指标有显著（P<.01）改善：体重（千克）下降了7.1%；最大功率（千克/分钟）增加了32.6%；U.CARR（卡拉泰利单位）中的ROS下降了25.7%；运动后1分钟心率恢复（每分钟心跳次数）下降了37.6%。其他人体测量、心血管和血液学指标也有显著改善。
对超重/肥胖久坐不动的女性进行为期12周的营养和运动干预计划，在体重减轻和体能改善的同时，可改善氧化应激水平。与限制热量摄入相比，相对高强度的体育活动在改善心血管风险标志物方面更有效。ROS的降低可能是体育活动有助于预防代谢综合征及随后的动脉粥样硬化疾病的另一种机制。
