Greene Nicholas P, Lambert Brad S, Greene Elizabeth S, Carbuhn Aaron F, Green John S, Crouse Stephen F
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Sep;41(9):1808-15. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a23f7f.
No known previous research has been published to explore the efficacy of underwater treadmill (UTM) exercise training for the obese. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare changes in physical fitness, body weight, and body composition in physically inactive, overweight, and obese adults after 12 wks of land treadmill (LTM) or UTM training.
Fifty-seven physically inactive, overweight, and obese men (n = 25) and women (n = 32) participated in this investigation. The mean +/- SEM age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and V O2max upon entry were 44 +/- 2 yr, 90.5 +/- 2.4 kg, 30.5 +/- 0.7 kg.m, and 27.1 +/- 0.7 mL O2.kg.min, respectively. Subjects were randomly assigned to exercise three times per week for 12 wk on either LTM (n = 29) or UTM (n = 28) matched for intensity and volume. Session volume was progressively increased from 250 to 500 kcal per session by week 6 and remained at 500 kcal through week 12. Before and after training, V O2max was assessed by the Bruce treadmill protocol with open-circuit calorimetry, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by a 2 (training) x 2 (exercise mode) x 2 (gender) ANOVA repeated across training (alpha = 0.05).
Training responses were not different between genders. After either UTM or LTM training, V O2max was significantly increased (+3.6 +/- 0.4 mL O2.kg.min), whereas body weight (-1.2 +/- 0.3 kg), BMI (-0.56 +/- 0.11 kg.m), body fat percentage (-1.3% +/- 1.3%), and fat mass (-1.1 +/- 0.3 kg) were significantly reduced (pooled means for UTM and LTM). Regional leg lean body mass (LBM) was significantly increased with both CTM and UTM (0.4 +/- 0.3 and 0.8 +/- 0.2 kg, respectively). An increase in total LBM approached significance with UTM training only (+0.6 +/- 0.3 kg, P = 0.0599).
UTM and LTM training are equally capable of improving aerobic fitness and body composition in physically inactive overweight individuals, but UTM training may induce increases in LBM.
此前尚无已发表的研究探讨水下跑步机（UTM）运动训练对肥胖者的疗效。因此，本研究的目的是比较非运动型超重和肥胖成年人在进行12周陆地跑步机（LTM）或UTM训练后，其身体素质、体重和身体成分的变化。
57名非运动型超重和肥胖男性（n = 25）和女性（n = 32）参与了本研究。入组时的平均±标准误年龄、体重、体重指数（BMI）和最大摄氧量分别为44±2岁、90.5±2.4 kg、30.5±0.7 kg·m和27.1±0.7 mL O₂·kg·min。受试者被随机分配，每周进行3次运动，为期12周，分别采用LTM（n = 29）或UTM（n = 28）训练，两者强度和运动量相匹配。到第6周时，每次训练的运动量从250千卡逐渐增加到500千卡，并在第12周一直保持在500千卡。训练前后，采用Bruce跑步机方案和开路式量热法评估最大摄氧量，采用双能X线吸收法评估身体成分。数据通过2（训练）×2（运动模式）×2（性别）方差分析进行分析，重复测量训练情况（α = 0.05）。
训练反应在性别之间没有差异。UTM或LTM训练后，最大摄氧量显著增加（+3.6±0.4 mL O₂·kg·min），而体重（-1.2±0.3 kg）、BMI（-0.56±0.11 kg·m）、体脂百分比（-1.3%±1.3%）和脂肪量（-1.1±0.3 kg）显著降低（UTM和LTM的合并均值）。CTM和UTM训练均使腿部去脂体重（LBM）显著增加（分别为0.4±0.3 kg和0.8±0.2 kg）。仅UTM训练使总LBM增加接近显著水平（+0.6±0.3 kg，P = 0.0599）。
UTM和LTM训练在改善非运动型超重个体的有氧适能和身体成分方面同样有效，但UTM训练可能会使LBM增加。
