Novati S, Sacchi P, Cima S, Zuccaro V, Columpsi P, Pagani L, Filice G, Bruno R
Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(5):866-78.
The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is home to an enormous quantity of different bacterial species that thrive in an often symbiotic relationship with the host. It is the principal source of microbial products because of its massive bacterial load. Injury to the immune component of the gastrointestinal mucosal surface, along with damage to the intestinal epithelial microenvironment with its antimicrobial functions, may affect systemic immune activation during the chronic phase of HIV infection through the increased translocation of luminal microbial products. Moreover, microbial translocation, which is defined as "the passage of both viable and nonviable microbes and microbial products such as endotoxin across anatomically intact intestinal barrier", may be a fundamental mechanism through which HIV accelerates progression of chronic viral hepatitis. Improvements in the tools available to microbiota research, and especially advancement of our knowledge in this area may help us in controlling the evolution of HIV disease, although population complexity and diversity between individuals make this challenging.
胃肠道管腔是大量不同细菌物种的家园，这些细菌通常与宿主形成共生关系并茁壮成长。由于其大量的细菌负荷，它是微生物产物的主要来源。胃肠道黏膜表面免疫成分的损伤，以及具有抗菌功能的肠道上皮微环境的破坏，可能会通过管腔微生物产物易位增加，在HIV感染的慢性期影响全身免疫激活。此外，微生物易位被定义为“活的和非活的微生物以及诸如内毒素等微生物产物穿过解剖结构完整的肠道屏障”，这可能是HIV加速慢性病毒性肝炎进展的一个基本机制。尽管个体之间的人群复杂性和多样性使这具有挑战性，但微生物群研究可用工具的改进，尤其是我们在这一领域知识的进步，可能有助于我们控制HIV疾病的发展。
