Sampson J A, Groeller H
Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Apr;26(4):375-83. doi: 10.1111/sms.12445. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
This investigation sought to determine the effect of resistance training to failure on functional, structural and neural elbow flexor muscle adaptation. Twenty-eight males completed a 4-week familiarization period and were then counterbalanced on the basis of responsiveness across; non-failure rapid shortening (RS; rapid concentric, 2 s eccentric), non-failure stretch-shortening (SSC; rapid concentric, rapid eccentric), and failure control (C, 2 s concentric, 2 s eccentric), for a 12-week unilateral elbow flexor resistance training regimen, 3 × week using 85% of one repetition maximum (1RM). 1RM, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and muscle activation (EMG(RMS)) of the agonist, antagonist, and stabilizer muscles were assessed before and after the 12-week training period. The average number of repetitions per set was significantly lower in RS 4.2 [confidence interval (CI): 4.2, 4.3] and SSC 4.2 (CI: 4.2, 4.3) compared with C 6.1 (CI: 5.8, 6.4). A significant increase in 1RM (30.5%), MVC (13.3%), CSA (11.4%), and agonist EMG(RMS) (22.1%) was observed; however, no between-group differences were detected. In contrast, antagonist EMG(RMS) increased significantly in SSC (40.5%) and C (23.3%), but decreased in RS (13.5%). Similar adaptations across the three resistance training regimen suggest repetition failure is not critical to elicit significant neural and structural changes to skeletal muscle.
本研究旨在确定抗阻训练至力竭对肘屈肌功能、结构和神经适应性的影响。28名男性完成了为期4周的适应期，然后根据反应性进行平衡分组，分为非力竭快速缩短组（RS；快速向心收缩2秒，离心收缩2秒）、非力竭拉长-缩短周期组（SSC；快速向心收缩，快速离心收缩）和力竭对照组（C，向心收缩2秒，离心收缩2秒），进行为期12周的单侧肘屈肌抗阻训练方案，每周3次，使用85%的1次重复最大值（1RM）。在12周训练期前后，评估了主动肌、拮抗肌和稳定肌的1RM、最大自主收缩（MVC）、肌肉横截面积（CSA）和肌肉激活（肌电图均方根值，EMG(RMS)）。与C组的6.1次（置信区间[CI]：5.8，6.4）相比，RS组的每组平均重复次数显著更低，为4.2次（CI：4.2，4.3），SSC组为4.2次（CI：4.2，4.3）。观察到1RM（30.5%）、MVC（13.3%）、CSA（11.4%）和主动肌EMG(RMS)（22.1%）显著增加；然而，未检测到组间差异。相比之下，拮抗肌EMG(RMS)在SSC组（40.5%）和C组（23.3%）中显著增加，但在RS组中下降（13.5%）。三种抗阻训练方案的相似适应性表明，重复至力竭对于引起骨骼肌显著的神经和结构变化并非至关重要。
