揭示2型糖尿病健康差异的生理机制。
Uncovering physiological mechanisms for health disparities in type 2 diabetes.
作者信息
Staiano Amanda E, Harrington Deirdre M, Johannsen Neil M, Newton Robert L, Sarzynski Mark A, Swift Damon L, Katzmarzyk Peter T
出版信息
Ethn Dis. 2015 Winter;25(1):31-7.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the United States is significantly higher in African Americans vs Whites. Yet, the physiological mechanisms contributing to this health disparity have been poorly described. To design effective strategies to reduce this disparity, there is a need to determine whether racial differences in diabetes prevalence are attributable to modifiable or non-modifiable factors. This review synthesizes and critically evaluates the potential physiological and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to the higher susceptibility of African Americans to T2D. These mechanisms include: 1) obesity and fat distribution; 2) metabolic flexibility; 3) muscle physiology; 4) energy expenditure and fitness; and 5) genetics. We focus on the clinical significance of findings and limitations of the recent literature.
摘要
美国非裔美国人中2型糖尿病（T2D）的患病率显著高于白人。然而，导致这种健康差异的生理机制却鲜有描述。为了设计有效的策略来减少这种差异，有必要确定糖尿病患病率的种族差异是可改变因素还是不可改变因素所致。本综述综合并批判性地评估了可能导致非裔美国人患T2D易感性较高的潜在生理和遗传机制。这些机制包括：1）肥胖与脂肪分布；2）代谢灵活性；3）肌肉生理学；4）能量消耗与健康状况；5）遗传学。我们关注研究结果的临床意义以及近期文献的局限性。
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