Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2022 Sep;41(3):673-695. doi: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6. Epub 2022 Jul 23.
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
肥胖是一种复杂的代谢性疾病，被认为是全球公共卫生危机，迫切需要更深入地了解与肥胖相关的疾病的机制。肥胖的合并症包括许多相关的癌症，据估计占美国女性癌症死亡人数的 20%。乳腺癌尤其与肥胖有关，是本综述的重点。肥胖与乳腺癌之间的确切因果关系仍不清楚。然而，体重指数、肿瘤分子亚型、遗传背景和环境因素之间的相互作用表明，肥胖会影响某些乳腺癌的风险和进展。支持性的临床前研究使用各种饮食诱导的肥胖模型表明，通过饮食干预或能量消耗的改变来减肥，可以降低乳腺癌的发病或进展。目前正在进行和未来的研究旨在阐明体重减轻观察背后的潜在机制，以改善乳腺癌患者的治疗效果和预后，并降低风险。本综述旨在总结肥胖和减肥策略方面快速涌现的文献，重点讨论肥胖和乳腺癌背景下代谢、免疫反应和免疫治疗之间复杂相互作用的临床前和临床研究中的减肥策略。
