Sadeq Amal, Risk Janet M, Pender Neil, Higham Susan M, Valappil Sabeel P
Department of Health Services Research and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom.
Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Jun;12(2):232-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
Early detection of white spot lesions (WSLs) around brackets during orthodontic treatment is important for treatment and prevention. But it is unclear whether red fluorescent plaque (RFP) bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and its co-existence with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii has any significant influence on this. Therefore the role of this bacterial co existence and WSLs formation during one year of fixed orthodontic therapy was evaluated.
Fourteen 12 to 22 year old (mean 15 ± 3 years) consecutive patients attending the University of Liverpool dental hospital were recruited for this study. Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) was used to identify RFP and enamel demineralisation, respectively, on anterior labial surfaces before and after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances. Bacterial composition was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) following nested PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA V2-V3 hypervariable region.
WSLs were recorded on 4.2% of tooth surfaces and WSL development was not associated with RFP bacteria P. gingivalis presence. Differences in RFP bacteria P. gingivalis presence with S. mutans and S. gordonii, were observed before and after appliance placement. Intra subject changes in plaque flora between visits were not significantly associated with WSL development (p > 0.05). However, DGGE profiles indicated that apart from S. mutans, S. gordonii might also have a role in human enamel demineralisation.
Fixed orthodontic brackets in adolescents may play a role in altering bacterial composition around brackets during orthodontic treatment and it is plausible that S. gordonii also have a role in human enamel demineralisation. Combinatorial approach of QLF technology and DGGE may be useful in determining bacterial composition during orthodontic therapy which could inform clinical interventions.
在正畸治疗期间早期发现托槽周围的白斑病变（WSLs）对治疗和预防很重要。但尚不清楚红色荧光菌斑（RFP）细菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其与变形链球菌和戈登链球菌的共存是否对此有任何显著影响。因此，评估了这种细菌共存和WSLs在一年固定正畸治疗期间形成中的作用。
招募了14名年龄在12至22岁（平均15±3岁）、连续就诊于利物浦大学牙科医院的患者参与本研究。定量光诱导荧光（QLF）分别用于在固定正畸矫治器放置前后识别前牙唇面的RFP和釉质脱矿。通过对16S rRNA V2-V3高变区进行巢式PCR扩增后，采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）测定细菌组成。
在4.2%的牙面上记录到了WSLs，WSLs的发展与RFP细菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌的存在无关。在矫治器放置前后观察到RFP细菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌与变形链球菌和戈登链球菌共存情况的差异。就诊期间个体菌斑菌群的变化与WSLs的发展无显著相关性（p>0.05）。然而，DGGE图谱表明，除变形链球菌外，戈登链球菌可能也在人类釉质脱矿中起作用。
青少年固定正畸托槽在正畸治疗期间可能在改变托槽周围细菌组成方面发挥作用，并且戈登链球菌在人类釉质脱矿中起作用似乎是合理的。QLF技术和DGGE的联合方法可能有助于确定正畸治疗期间的细菌组成，从而为临床干预提供依据。
