Gabriel Tortella, Natasha Senço, Fabiana Guarienti, Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi, Débora Muszkat, Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Junior, Leandro Valiengo, André R Brunoni, Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05043-000, Brazil.
World J Psychiatry. 2015 Mar 22;5(1):88-102. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.88.
The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of tDCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding tDCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding tDCS efficacy in psychiatry.
近年来，非侵入性脑刺激技术的兴趣日益增加。在这些技术中，经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）因其易于使用、成本低、副作用良性以及该领域研究的令人鼓舞的结果而引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。这种兴趣产生了几项研究和随机临床试验，特别是在精神病学领域。在这篇综述中，我们提供了该技术的发展及其作用机制的概述，以及精神病学中随机临床试验的方法学方面的综述，包括情感障碍、精神分裂症、强迫症、儿童精神病学和物质使用障碍的研究。最后，我们概述了 tDCS 在认知增强中的应用，并讨论了其临床应用和监管及伦理问题。尽管已经描述了许多关于 tDCS 疗效的有希望的结果，但研究总数仍然较低，这突出表明需要进一步的研究，旨在在更大的样本中复制这些发现，以便对 tDCS 在精神病学中的疗效有一个明确的认识。
