Henriques José, Vaz-Pereira Sara, Nascimento João, Rosa Paulo Caldeira
Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto. Lisboa. Portugal. Instituto de Retina de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2015 Jan-Feb;28(1):107-13. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to macro and microvascular complications. The eye is one of the main organs affected by this disease, being diabetic retinopathy the most well-known microvascular complication and the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. However, diabetic ocular disease is not only characterized by diabetic retinopathy. Other important ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus include cataract, glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies and recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Here, we emphasize diabetic retinopathy as the most important and characteristic complication of diabetes mellitus, but also review less well-known complications with the aim to alert and sensitize non-ophthalmologist clinicians that treat diabetic individuals, in order to promote an early diagnosis and treatment of the sight-threatening complications of diabetes.
糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病，其特征为持续性高血糖，可导致大血管和微血管并发症。眼睛是受该疾病影响的主要器官之一，糖尿病视网膜病变是最广为人知的微血管并发症，也是工作年龄人群失明的主要原因。然而，糖尿病眼部疾病不仅以糖尿病视网膜病变为特征。糖尿病的其他重要眼部表现包括白内障、青光眼、缺血性视神经病变、脑神经麻痹和复发性角膜糜烂综合征。在此，我们强调糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病最重要且最具特征性的并发症，但也会回顾一些不太为人所知的并发症，目的是提醒和提高治疗糖尿病患者的非眼科临床医生的认识，以促进对糖尿病威胁视力并发症的早期诊断和治疗。
