Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Seville, Spain.
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Seville, Spain.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2015 Jun;25:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Formation of C(5)-methyl-cytosine, N(4)-methyl-cytosine, and N(6)-methyl-adenine in bacterial genomes is postreplicative, and occurs at specific targets. Base methylation can modulate the interaction of DNA-binding proteins with their cognate sites, and controls chromosome replication, correction of DNA mismatches, cell cycle-coupled transcription, and formation of epigenetic lineages by phase variation. During four decades, the roles of DNA methylation in bacterial physiology have been investigated by analyzing the contribution of individual methyl groups or small methyl group clusters to the control of DNA-protein interactions. Nowadays, single-molecule real-time sequencing can analyze the DNA methylation of the entire genome (the 'methylome'). Bacterial methylomes provide a wealth of information on the methylation marks present in bacterial genomes, and may open a new era in bacterial epigenomics.
细菌基因组中 C(5)-甲基胞嘧啶、N(4)-甲基胞嘧啶和 N(6)-甲基腺嘌呤的形成是复制后的，并且发生在特定的靶标上。碱基甲基化可以调节 DNA 结合蛋白与其同源位点的相互作用，并控制染色体复制、DNA 错配的校正、细胞周期偶联的转录以及通过表型变异形成表观遗传谱系。在过去的四十年中，通过分析单个甲基或小甲基簇对 DNA-蛋白质相互作用控制的贡献，研究了 DNA 甲基化在细菌生理学中的作用。如今，单分子实时测序可以分析整个基因组的 DNA 甲基化（“甲基组”）。细菌甲基组提供了大量关于细菌基因组中存在的甲基化标记的信息，可能开创细菌表观基因组学的新时代。
