语言标签、动态视觉特征与婴儿类别学习中的注意力
Linguistic labels, dynamic visual features, and attention in infant category learning.
作者信息
Deng Wei Sophia, Sloutsky Vladimir M
机构信息
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
出版信息
J Exp Child Psychol. 2015 Jun;134:62-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.01.012. Epub 2015 Mar 25.
How do words affect categorization? According to some accounts, even early in development words are category markers and are different from other features. According to other accounts, early in development words are part of the input and are akin to other features. The current study addressed this issue by examining the role of words and dynamic visual features in category learning in 8- to 12-month-old infants. Infants were familiarized with exemplars from one category in a label-defined or motion-defined condition and then tested with prototypes from the studied category and from a novel contrast category. Eye-tracking results indicated that infants exhibited better category learning in the motion-defined condition than in the label-defined condition, and their attention was more distributed among different features when there was a dynamic visual feature compared with the label-defined condition. These results provide little evidence for the idea that linguistic labels are category markers that facilitate category learning.
词汇如何影响分类？根据一些观点，即使在发育早期，词汇也是类别标记，并且与其他特征不同。根据其他观点，在发育早期，词汇是输入的一部分，并且类似于其他特征。当前的研究通过考察词汇和动态视觉特征在8至12个月大婴儿类别学习中的作用来解决这个问题。婴儿在标签定义或动作定义的条件下熟悉来自一个类别的示例，然后用所研究类别的原型和一个新的对比类别进行测试。眼动追踪结果表明，婴儿在动作定义条件下比在标签定义条件下表现出更好的类别学习，并且与标签定义条件相比，当存在动态视觉特征时，他们的注意力在不同特征之间分布得更分散。这些结果几乎没有为语言标签是促进类别学习的类别标记这一观点提供证据。
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