Younger B
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1990 Aug;50(1):131-55. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(90)90036-8.
In an attempt to determine whether it is necessary to postulate abstraction processes in infant categorization, three experiments assessed retention of category-level information and information specific to category members. Using a visual recognition memory procedure, 10- and 13-month-old infants were familiarized with category instances containing both shared dimensional information and idiosyncratic features. The addition of idiosyncratic features to members of the familiarization category enhanced specific item memory for 13-month-old infants. However, this was not the case for the younger infants. The results of within-category test comparisons indicated that 10-month-old infants regarded information common to all members of the category as more familiar than information specific to individual exemplars. This occurred despite evidence that specific item information was retained in memory and available for retrieval during recognition tests. The findings are discussed in relation to exemplar and abstraction models of categorization.
为了确定在婴儿分类过程中是否有必要假定存在抽象过程，进行了三项实验来评估类别水平信息以及特定类别成员信息的留存情况。采用视觉识别记忆程序，让10个月和13个月大的婴儿熟悉包含共享维度信息和独特特征的类别实例。给熟悉类别中的成员添加独特特征增强了13个月大婴儿对特定项目的记忆。然而，年龄较小的婴儿并非如此。类别内测试比较的结果表明，10个月大的婴儿认为类别所有成员共有的信息比特定个体范例的信息更熟悉。尽管有证据表明特定项目信息被保留在记忆中并且在识别测试期间可供检索，但仍出现了这种情况。将结合分类的范例模型和抽象模型对这些发现进行讨论。
