类别、概念与概念发展
Categories, Concepts, and Conceptual Development.
作者信息
Sloutsky Vladimir M, Sophia Deng Wei
机构信息
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University.
Department of Psychology, University of Macau.
出版信息
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2019;34(10):1284-1297. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2017.1391398. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Concepts (i.e., lexicalized classes of real or fictitious entities) play a central role in many human intellectual activities, including planning, thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. How do people concepts in the course of development and learning and them in their thinking about the world? In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of conceptual development. We suggest that concepts can originate (1) in interactions with the world and get lexicalized later or (2) in the language and get grounded later. The first route is from category learning to a concept, and we discuss this route by focusing on the mechanisms of category learning and developmental changes in these mechanisms. The second route is from a word to a concept, and we discuss this route by focusing on inferring word meanings without visual referents. We then consider proposals of how concepts get organized into networks and hierarchies.
概念（即真实或虚构实体的词汇化类别）在许多人类智力活动中发挥着核心作用，包括规划、思考、推理、解决问题和决策。在发展和学习过程中，人们如何形成概念并在思考世界时运用这些概念呢？在本文中，我们试图对概念发展进行概述。我们认为，概念可以（1）源于与世界的互动，之后再进行词汇化，或者（2）源于语言，之后再落地生根。第一条途径是从类别学习到概念，我们通过关注类别学习的机制以及这些机制中的发展变化来讨论这条途径。第二条途径是从单词到概念，我们通过关注在没有视觉参照物的情况下推断单词含义来讨论这条途径。然后，我们考虑关于概念如何组织成网络和层次结构的提议。
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