Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Suite 8030, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA.
Child Dev. 2010 May-Jun;81(3):884-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01440.x.
What processes do infants employ in categorizing? Infants might categorize on line as they encounter category-related entities; alternatively, infants might depend on prior experience with entities in formulating categories. These alternatives were tested in forty-four 5-month-olds. Infants who were familiarized in the laboratory with a category of never-before-seen objects subsequently treated novel objects of the same category as familiar-they categorized on line-just as did infants who were exposed to objects from the same category at home for 2 months leading to their laboratory assessment of object categorization. Infants with home experience also recognized novel category objects as familiar from the outset-that is, prior experience with category exemplars was brought to bear in laboratory tasks.
婴儿在分类时采用什么过程？婴儿可能会在线性分类，因为他们遇到了与类别相关的实体；或者，婴儿可能会依赖之前对实体的经验来形成类别。这两种选择在 44 名 5 个月大的婴儿身上进行了测试。在实验室中熟悉一个从未见过的物体类别的婴儿随后会将同一类别的新物体视为熟悉的物体——他们在线性分类——就像在家里接触 2 个月同一类物体的婴儿在实验室评估物体分类一样。有家庭经验的婴儿也会从一开始就将新的类别物体识别为熟悉的物体——也就是说，之前对类别样本的经验被应用到了实验室任务中。
