Downs J Crawford
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1670 University Blvd., VH 390A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Exp Eye Res. 2015 Apr;133:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.011.
This nontechnical review is focused upon educating the reader on optic nerve head biomechanics in both aging and disease along two main themes: what is known about how mechanical forces and the resulting deformations are distributed in the posterior pole and ONH (biomechanics) and what is known about how the living system responds to those deformations (mechanobiology). We focus on how ONH responds to IOP elevations as a structural system, insofar as the acute mechanical response of the lamina cribrosa is confounded with the responses of the peripapillary sclera, prelaminar neural tissues, and retrolaminar optic nerve. We discuss the biomechanical basis for IOP-driven changes in connective tissues, blood flow, and cellular responses. We use glaucoma as the primary framework to present the important aspects of ONH biomechanics in aging and disease, as ONH biomechanics, aging, and the posterior pole extracellular matrix (ECM) are thought to be centrally involved in glaucoma susceptibility, onset and progression.
本非技术性综述旨在围绕两个主要主题，向读者介绍衰老和疾病状态下的视神经乳头生物力学：一是关于机械力及其产生的变形如何在后极部和视神经乳头（ONH）分布的已知情况（生物力学）；二是关于生命系统如何对这些变形作出反应的已知情况（力学生物学）。我们关注视神经乳头作为一个结构系统如何对眼压升高作出反应，因为筛板的急性机械反应与视乳头周围巩膜、板前神经组织和板后视神经的反应相互混淆。我们讨论了眼压驱动的结缔组织、血流和细胞反应变化的生物力学基础。我们以青光眼作为主要框架，来阐述衰老和疾病状态下视神经乳头生物力学的重要方面，因为视神经乳头生物力学、衰老和后极部细胞外基质（ECM）被认为在青光眼易感性、发病和进展中起着核心作用。
