Jauneikaite Elita, Tocheva Anna S, Jefferies Johanna M C, Gladstone Rebecca A, Faust Saul N, Christodoulides Myron, Hibberd Martin L, Clarke Stuart C
Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Infectious Diseases, Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
J Microbiol Methods. 2015 Jun;113:41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.006. Epub 2015 Mar 25.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory tract pathogen causing pneumococcal disease mainly in children aged less than five years and in the elderly. Ninety-eight different capsular types (serotypes) of pneumococci have been reported, but pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) include polysaccharide antigens against only 7, 10 or 13 serotypes. It is therefore important to track the emergence of serotypes due to the clonal expansion of non-vaccine serotypes. Increased numbers of carried and disease-causing pneumococci are now being analysed as part of the post-PCV implementation surveillance studies and hence rapid, accurate and cost-effective typing methods are important. Here we describe serotyping methods published prior to 10th November 2014 for pneumococcal capsule typing. Sixteen methods were identified; six were based on serological tests using immunological properties of the capsular epitopes, eight were semi-automated molecular tests, and one describes the identification of capsular type directly from whole genome data, which also allows for further intra and inter-genome analyses. There was no single method that could be recommended for all pneumococcal capsular typing applications. Although the Quellung reaction is still considered to be the gold-standard, laboratories should take into account the number of pneumococcal isolates and the type of samples to be used for testing, the time frame for the results and the resources available in order to select the most appropriate method. Most likely, a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods would be optimal to monitor and evaluate the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and to provide information for future vaccine formulations.
肺炎链球菌是一种主要的呼吸道病原体，主要导致5岁以下儿童和老年人患肺炎球菌疾病。已报道有98种不同的肺炎球菌荚膜类型（血清型），但肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）仅包含针对7种、10种或13种血清型的多糖抗原。因此，追踪由于非疫苗血清型的克隆扩增而出现的血清型很重要。作为PCV实施后监测研究的一部分，目前正在分析携带和致病肺炎球菌数量的增加情况，因此快速、准确且具有成本效益的分型方法很重要。在此，我们描述了2014年11月10日前发表的肺炎球菌荚膜分型方法。共确定了16种方法；6种基于利用荚膜表位免疫特性的血清学检测，8种是半自动分子检测，1种描述了直接从全基因组数据中鉴定荚膜类型，这也允许进行进一步的基因组内和基因组间分析。没有一种方法能推荐用于所有肺炎球菌荚膜分型应用。尽管荚膜肿胀反应仍被认为是金标准，但实验室应考虑肺炎球菌分离株的数量、用于检测的样本类型、结果的时间框架以及可用资源，以便选择最合适的方法。很可能，表型和基因型方法相结合将是监测和评估肺炎球菌结合疫苗影响并为未来疫苗配方提供信息的最佳选择。
