Duke Jeremy A, Avci Fikri Y
Sanofi, Suite 300, 2501 Discovery Drive, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
NPJ Vaccines. 2023 Aug 17;8(1):122. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00715-w.
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by infection with the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) has been on a downward trend for decades due to worldwide vaccination programs. Despite the clinical successes observed, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that the continued global burden of S. pneumoniae will be in the millions each year, with a case-fatality rate hovering around 5%. Thus, it is a top priority to continue developing new Spn vaccination strategies to harness immunological insight and increase the magnitude of protection provided. As emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO), it is also crucial to broaden the implementation of vaccines that are already obtainable in the clinical setting. This review focuses on the immune mechanisms triggered by existing pneumococcal vaccines and provides an overview of the current and upcoming clinical strategies being employed. We highlight the associated challenges of serotype selectivity and using pneumococcal-derived proteins as alternative vaccine antigens.
由于全球疫苗接种计划，由肺炎链球菌（Spn）感染引起的侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病（IPD）发病率几十年来一直在下降。尽管取得了临床成功，但疾病控制中心（CDC）报告称，肺炎链球菌在全球造成的持续负担每年仍将达数百万例，病死率徘徊在5%左右。因此，继续开发新的肺炎链球菌疫苗策略，以利用免疫学知识并提高所提供的保护程度，是当务之急。正如世界卫生组织（WHO）所强调的，扩大临床环境中已有疫苗的应用范围也至关重要。本综述聚焦于现有肺炎球菌疫苗引发的免疫机制，并概述了当前和即将采用的临床策略。我们强调了血清型选择性以及使用肺炎球菌衍生蛋白作为替代疫苗抗原所带来的相关挑战。
