School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 7;18(2):e0281473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281473. eCollection 2023.
The present study aimed to examine the effects of personality traits on bus drivers' self-reported prosocial and aggressive driving behaviours as well as the mediating role of risk perception and the moderating role of gender in this relationship.
Three hundred and ten bus drivers who were 24-57 years old agreed to participate in this study. The measures utilized included personality scales, a risk perception scale and a prosocial and aggressive driving behaviour scale.
A moderated mediation model was established. The effects of normlessness/anger on prosocial driving behaviour are mediated by risk perception. Risk perception has a stronger promoting effect on the prosocial driving behaviour of male drivers (b = 0.358, p < 0.01) than it does on that of female drivers (b = 0.072, p > 0.05). The effects of normlessness/anger on the aggressive driving behaviour of both male and female drivers are also mediated by risk perception. Moreover, gender plays a moderating role in the influences of personality and risk perception on aggressive driving behaviour. Drivers with higher risk perception and less anger exhibit less aggressive driving behaviour, and this effect is clearer among male drivers than it is among female drivers.
The present study revealed the relationship between personality traits and the prosocial and aggressive driving behaviours of bus drivers through a moderated mediation model. These findings highlight the importance of taking risk perception and gender into consideration when examining the effects of personality on bus drivers' driving behaviours.
本研究旨在探讨人格特质对公交车司机自报告亲社会和攻击性行为的影响，以及风险感知在其中的中介作用和性别在这种关系中的调节作用。
310 名年龄在 24-57 岁之间的公交车司机同意参与本研究。使用的测量工具包括人格量表、风险感知量表和亲社会与攻击性行为量表。
建立了一个有调节的中介模型。失范/愤怒对亲社会驾驶行为的影响是通过风险感知来介导的。风险感知对男性司机（b=0.358，p<0.01）的亲社会驾驶行为的促进作用强于对女性司机（b=0.072，p>0.05）的促进作用。失范/愤怒对男性和女性司机攻击性行为的影响也通过风险感知来介导。此外，性别在人格和风险感知对攻击性行为的影响中起着调节作用。风险感知较高且愤怒程度较低的司机表现出较少的攻击性行为，这种效应在男性司机中比女性司机中更为明显。
本研究通过一个有调节的中介模型揭示了人格特质与公交车司机亲社会和攻击性行为之间的关系。这些发现强调了在考察人格对公交车司机驾驶行为的影响时，考虑风险感知和性别因素的重要性。
