French Robert M, Thomas Elizabeth
Université de Bourgogne.
Top Cogn Sci. 2015 Apr;7(2):206-16. doi: 10.1111/tops.12135. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
David Marr's (1982) three-level analysis of computational cognition argues for three distinct levels of cognitive information processing-namely, the computational, representational, and implementational levels. But Marr's levels are-and were meant to be-descriptive, rather than interactive and dynamic. For this reason, we suggest that, had Marr been writing today, he might well have gone even farther in his analysis, including the emergence of structure-in particular, explicit structure at the conceptual level-from lower levels, and the effect of explicit emergent structures on the level (or levels) that gave rise to them. The message is that today's cognitive scientists need not only to understand how emergent structures-in particular, explicit emergent structures at the cognitive level-develop but also to understand how they feed back on the sub-structures from which they emerged.
大卫·马尔（1982年）对计算认知的三级分析提出了认知信息处理的三个不同层次，即计算层次、表征层次和实现层次。但马尔的层次是——而且本意也是——描述性的，而非交互式和动态的。出于这个原因，我们认为，如果马尔在今天写作，他很可能会在分析中走得更远，包括结构的出现，特别是概念层次上的显性结构从较低层次的出现，以及显性涌现结构对产生它们的层次的影响。关键在于，当今的认知科学家不仅需要理解涌现结构——特别是认知层次上的显性涌现结构——是如何发展的，还需要理解它们如何反馈到产生它们的子结构上。
