Jain Amrish
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.
Pediatr Rev. 2015 Apr;36(4):141-50; quiz 151-2. doi: 10.1542/pir.36-4-141.
Body fluid composition is maintained in a normal physiologic range by regulatory mechanisms that control sodium and water metabolism. A detailed knowledge of the homeostatic mechanisms will help in understanding the pathogenesis and management of disorders of sodium and water balance.
After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Understand the distribution of fluid and solute in different body compartments. 2. Demonstrate the homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining sodium and water metabolism. 3. Calculate osmolality and recognize the clinical importance of maintaining osmotic equilibrium. 4. Recognize common disorders of hypernatremia or hyperosmolality and evaluate and understand the role of calculating free water deficit in the treatment of these disorders. 5. Recognize common disorders of hyponatremia or hypo-osmolality, appreciate the role of urine sodium and urine osmolality in evaluation,and understand the importance of slow correction of these disorders.
体液成分通过控制钠和水代谢的调节机制维持在正常生理范围内。深入了解这些稳态机制将有助于理解钠和水平衡紊乱的发病机制及治疗方法。
阅读本文后，读者应能够：1. 理解不同身体腔室中液体和溶质的分布。2. 阐述维持钠和水代谢的稳态机制。3. 计算渗透压并认识到维持渗透平衡的临床重要性。4. 识别高钠血症或高渗性的常见紊乱情况，并评估和理解计算自由水缺乏量在这些紊乱治疗中的作用。5. 识别低钠血症或低渗性的常见紊乱情况，认识尿钠和尿渗透压在评估中的作用，并理解缓慢纠正这些紊乱的重要性。
