Koenig Kristi L, Alassaf Wajdan, Burns Michael J
University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, California.
University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Orange, California.
West J Emerg Med. 2015 Mar;16(2):212-9. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2015.3.25678. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious airborne disease that was declared eliminated in the U.S. in the year 2000. Only sporadic U.S. cases and minor outbreaks occurred until the larger outbreak beginning in 2014 that has become a public health emergency. The "Identify-Isolate-Inform" tool will assist emergency physicians to be better prepared to detect and manage measles patients presenting to the emergency department. Measles typically presents with a prodrome of high fever, and cough/coryza/conjunctivitis, sometimes accompanied by the pathognomonic Koplik spots. Two to four days later, an erythematous maculopapular rash begins on the face and spreads down the body. Suspect patients must be immediately isolated with airborne precautions while awaiting laboratory confirmation of disease. Emergency physicians must rapidly inform the local public health department and hospital infection control personnel of suspected measles cases.
麻疹（风疹）是一种极具传染性的空气传播疾病，2000年在美国被宣布已消除。在美国，直到2014年开始出现更大规模的疫情并演变成公共卫生紧急事件之前，仅有零星病例和小规模疫情爆发。“识别-隔离-通报”工具将帮助急诊医生更好地做好准备，以检测和处理前往急诊科就诊的麻疹患者。麻疹通常以高热、咳嗽/鼻炎/结膜炎的前驱症状出现，有时伴有特征性的科氏斑。两到四天后，面部开始出现红斑丘疹皮疹，并蔓延至全身。疑似患者在等待疾病实验室确诊期间必须立即采取空气传播预防措施进行隔离。急诊医生必须迅速将疑似麻疹病例告知当地公共卫生部门和医院感染控制人员。
