Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2015 Jun;25:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Significant advances in sequencing technologies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed substantial insight into the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. In recent years, the application of this approach in bacteria has begun to reveal the genetic basis of bacterial host preference, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. Here, we consider relevant differences between bacterial and human genome dynamics, apply GWAS to a global sample of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes to highlight the impacts of linkage disequilibrium, population stratification, and natural selection, and finally compare the traditional GWAS against phyC, a contrasting method of mapping genotype to phenotype based upon evolutionary convergence. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of both methods, and make suggestions for factors to be considered in future bacterial GWAS.
测序技术和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的重大进展，使我们深入了解了人类表型的遗传结构。近年来，这种方法在细菌中的应用开始揭示细菌宿主偏好性、抗生素耐药性和毒力的遗传基础。在这里，我们考虑了细菌和人类基因组动态之间的相关差异，将 GWAS 应用于全球结核分枝杆菌基因组样本，以强调连锁不平衡、群体分层和自然选择的影响，最后比较了传统的 GWAS 和 phyC，phyC 是一种基于进化趋同将基因型映射到表型的对比方法。我们讨论了这两种方法的优缺点，并就未来细菌 GWAS 中需要考虑的因素提出了建议。
